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Class __]ilM_ 
liook .QsW^ 



PKESKNTIOI) UY 






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'^J'^HE rivers run over golden sands, 
i and over the orolden sands run 
rivers of gold into golden lands. 







TO other" Agricultural Colony or 

^ x\ enterprise in the United States 

^ has such a large- amount 'of cement 

and iron pipe in use for irrigating 
^. purposes as Ontario, 
fjj _ ^ _ _ • ^^ 






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ONTARIO. 



Healtli in Southern California. 

BY DB. J. P. WIDNEY. 

[From the Los Angeles Herald, Dec. 18, 1884.] 

In an article first published In the Calijor- 
■nlan for November, 1880, and which has been 
frequently republished, I then spoke of the 
climatic belt. 

"Along the base of the Sierra back of Pas- 
adena, and on eastward, back of San Gabriel, 
above Pomona, past Cucamonga with its 
noted vineyards, and on beyond San Ber- 
nardino, growing warmer as it recedes in- 
land from the sea, is a belt of foothills above 
the fog-line, facing out towards the noonday 
sun, looking down across the plains and the 
hills of the Coast Range upon the warm 
southern sea, and yet fanned daily by an 
ocean breeze that has no harshness. I do 
not say that there is no more perfect climate 
than this belt affords, but I have never seen 
one." 

The mesa lying midway in this belt at the 
mouth of the San Antonio Caiion, back of 
Ontario, possesses many features which 
make it exceptionably favorable for the pur- 
poses of a health resort, even when contrast- 
ed with the other portions. Among these 
may be mentioned: 

1st— A more equable temperature than 
either the eastern or the western extremity. 
This is a result of its medium distance from 
the sea, the ocean breeze being more tem- 
pered than at the western extremity, while 
the snmmer heat is more moderate than at 
the eastern extremity. 

2d— An entire exemption from the north- 
ers, which at times touch slightly upon 
many other portions of the belt. The great 
elevation of Cucamonga peak, back of the 
mesa, deflects the northerly current off east- 
ward through the Cajon Pass. 

3d — The mesa here forms a natural back- 
bone between the plains sloping eastward to 
the Santa Ana river and westward to the 
San Gabriel: while the great incline of the 
plain facing off southward towards the sun 
reaches an elevation of over 2000 feet before 
merging into the mountain chain. The 
effect of this contour and elevation in de- 
flecting local wind currents is well marked. 

4th— This high sloping divide, formed in 
the course of ages by the washing of the San 
Antonio Canon, reaches almost across the 
valley at this point, forcing the Santa Ana 
river, with its low lands, its wind currents, 
its night vapors and fog-lines, many miles 
away. 

5th— A perfect under-drainage is afforded 



to the mesa by the coarse substratum of 
gravel and boulders from the washing of the 
canon, while the surface drainage is equally 
good from the warm sandy soil of the evenly 
sloping plain. 

6th— The abundant and unfailing supply 
of pure, soft, running water from the San 
Antonio creek. 

7th — The varied and beautiful scenery of 
plain, mesa, caiion and mountain, with 
proximity to fine hunting and fishing 
grounds, thus affording diversion and 
healthful exercise to invalids. 

8th— Nearness to the pine forests of the 
San Antonio Caiior. and mountain slopes, 
where invalids may camp amid the balsamic 
odors. Many persons suffering from asth- 
matic, tuberculous and other troubles now 
camp each year about the caiion with much 
benefit. The great value of the locality as a 
health resort is yearly becoming more evi- 
dent. 

The mesa lying at the east side of the 
mouth of the canon should be reserved as a 
location tor a sanitarium, while the sloping 
bench which leads back along the side of 
the creek ought to be laid out in lots for li, 
village site where invalids might live in de- 
tached cottages. 



The suggestion of Dr. Widney in 
the foregoing article to use the loca- 
tion referred to for a health and 
pleasure resort, is deemed so valuable 
that the company has decided to act 
upon it. Instead of devoting that 
piece of land to ordinary horticultural 
purposes, where only a few families 
could receive the benefit, the tract 
will be laid off for a pleasure park in 
which will be erected in time a large 
and fine hotel structure. Adjoining 
this will be laid off acre lots far resi- 
dences which will be sold by the Com- 
pany. Water in iron pipes will be 
furnished for domestic use. Alternate 
lots will be sold at three hundred 
dollars each, the others will be sold 
at four hundred dollars each during 
the next six months. This is one of 
the most romantic and picturesque 
locations in California and will un- 
doubtedly become a famous resort. 



ONTARIO. 



Its History, Description, and Resources. — Its Public and Pri- 
vate Improvements. — Its Water Supply and Educational 
Advantages, — Its Euclid Avenue and Shade Trees. — 
Its Attractiveness for Health, Pleasure and 
Profit. — Valuable Information for those 
seeking Homes in Southern California. 



PREFAB ED BY R. M. WIDNEY. 

LOS ANGELES., CAL. 



RIVERSIDE : 

PRESS Xfrn HORTICULTURIST STEAM PRINTLNG nOUSB. 

1884. 



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ONTARIO. 



The Future Value of Laud. 



Will tlie lii{j;li prices toward which land 
is advanciu}^ be permanent? Will they 
continue to pay interest rates on high 
figures? Will not the markets be over- 
supplied? 

Tlie answer to tliese questions brings us 
lo a paradox. Yes and no. 

The destiny of the race is food, clothing 
nnd education. As the |)opulation of the 
world increases the labor of eaih j^erson 
is directe(l to |)rodncing a sustenance. In 
China, India, and other densely populated 
districts the result of ilie labor of the indi- 
vidual is l)is living. Vaty few in the 
older civilizalifins go beyond this. This 
living is best obtained from the soil. 
When this dense population comes upon 
this section, as it will come upon all the 
earth in time, then the man who has a ten- 
acre laiin can from its products feed, 
clothe and educate his family. That is, 
by carefully cidlivating the soil b\' the 
square foot, and raising thereon the food 
his own family consumes, and raising 
textile products for clothing, and using 
his family's lal)or working up the raw 
material into merchantable articles for 
sale at low prices, he will feed, clothe and 
educate his family. When such a time is 
reached land will bear a higher jnice llian 
«yer. Xo sum of money can prodvce the 
necessaries of life, and he who has land 
from which he supports his family would 
exchange it for no small sum of money. 
Therefore for the purpose of sustaining 
life land wilt not be too high. For the 
purpose of raising products for market 
and repurchasing the necessaries of life it 
may not pay. 



ONTARIO, 
San Bernardino County, Gal. 

The gem owes much to its setting. 

Each locality on the globe partakes 
largel\ of the general characteristics of the 
country in which it is. 

Ontario cannf>t be fully pictured with 
the pen as it was, is and will be without 
tirst tilling in the background witli sketch- 
ings of California generally. 

The early mariners who ga/.ed upon the 
brown landscape of valleys, mesas and 
mountains saw nothing desirable, and 
sailed away to other lands in search of 
gold and health auvl cereal riches. 

The rivers ran over golden sands. The 
mountains had built into their founda- 
tions the shining yellow ore. The gold 
hunters came and climbed every moun- 
tain, prospected every ravine, river, creek 
and hill, and camped on eveiy plain on 
the Paci tic Slope from the burning south 
to the cold north. They said the land was 
only tit for gold, that it was unhealthy, 
barren and unproductive. When the gold 
was gone they disappeared from the fields 
that to them were void of further use. 
They saw not the transmutation of the 
products of the soil into gold. 

The rivers run over golden sands, and 
over the golden sands run rivers of gold, 
into golden lands. The agriculturist and 
horticulturist came and by handling 
the elements as nature intended that 
they should l)e handle<l they attained re- 
suits in rapid growth, luxuriant products 
and prolitic yield that were marvelous. 
The land that was supposed to be worth- 
less was demonstratefl to be of the most 
productive quality. 



ONTARIO. 



Outo the dry plaius and luesa^ man 
turned the streams of water, and through 
the products of the soil turned the water 
into gold. The dream of the alchemist 
l)ecaaie a fact. In every stream in Cali- 
fornia golden waters flow over the golden 
sands. 

Tlie agricultural experience of a score 
of years has thrown a flood of light and 
Jinowledge upon the value of soils, local- 
ities, methods and products. While the 
whole Stale can excel in everything as 
<!ompared with other States, yet it has 
l)een found that each locality- is a specialty' 
in some things and productive in all. 

Now no one, except the inexperienced, 
thinks of blindly venturing into the culti- 
Aation of the soil with promiscuous prod- 
ucts. Jjocalities are selected R'ith a ^•^ew 
to the products to be cultivated. 

THE SKI.KCriOX OF OXTAIUU. 

Messrs. George and \Vm. B. Chaftey, 
.formerly of Ontario, Canada, came to this 
land of developing and undeveloped won- 
ders and settled at Riverside, San Bernar- 
dino county, and gave their time, money 
and thought to the problems of this new 
iand. After a number of years experience 
in practical husbandry, they became aware 
of the facts above stated and at once set 
about the selection of a locality, if such 
were to be found, where the maximum 
results could be attained from the soil. 
It was no easy tix-sk. It involved the se- 
lection of suitable land, in suitable cli- 
mate, in a good commercial position, with 
abundance of good water. 

On the southern slope of the Sierra Ma- 
•dre mountains, where San Bernardino 
•oonnty joins I^os Angeles county, bouud- 
•ed on the south by the sieel rails of the 
Southern Paciflc transcontinental railroad, 
watered by the clear waters of the San 
Antonio canyon, which come leaping 
downi from the perpetual snows of the 
mountain peaks, free from frost, with a 
soft, rich, mealy soil, a hundred feet 
-<ieep, is Ontario. We will not at this 
time give a detailed theoretical state- 
ment of the productive merits of the 
plaoe, for in the subsequent pages will 
-appear the more valuable evidence of 
what has actually been done. It is sufli- 
''•ient to say that the Chalfey Brothers se- 



lected this place as having the greatest 
numl^er of desirable elements and the 
fewest objectionable ones. 

The warm sun from a clear, semi-trop- 
ical sky pouring its rich rays upon the 
mountain sides and peaks of the Sierra 
Madre Mountains, covered with eternal 
snows, sends down tiie canyons a crystal 
stream filled with life, health, pleasure 
and wealth. The beautiful rides in its 
pine forests are rich with the charms of 
the primeval groves. 

The invalid whose lungs are panting for 
the pure air of the high mountain alti- 
tudes, free from dust and irritating impuri- 
ties, can here find all that he desires in 
liealth assistance, blended with the grand 
and beautiful in nature's mountain .sce- 
nery, far, far above the pines in snows 
tliat f^ll ages ago on these mountain 
heights. 

A PLAX NECESSARY. 

The most of the colony enterprises in 
this and other States have been perma- 
nently injured in the defective plan ad- 
opted in the origin of the work. To take 
a iiiece of land and sell it out ciuickly at a 
low price and bring together an inharmo- 
nious settlement with no concurrence of 
public action or improvement is one 
thing (and not a desirable thing either). 
To take a tract of land, and mature a plan 
that will work out the greatest common 
and individual benefit is quite another. 

After land is sold in small tracts to 
many persons they can never be united 
in common expenses for the general good 
be^'ond a very limited extent. There is 
only one practical way, and that is for the 
first owners and organizers to carry out a 
line of improvements that will be for the 
community good and add the cost thereof 
to the price of the land. Those who wish 
that class of improvements pay their part 
when they buy the land; those who do 
not want them go to some other place to 
buy. 

THE OXTAUIO PLAN. 

The Chaffey Brothers matured, after a 
careful examination of the various colony 
enterprises of Southern California, the 
most perfect plan ever adopted by a colo- 
ny in thus State. It was briefly as follows : 

p"ii-st — Distribute the water for irrigating 
purpo.ses over the whole tract and to each 




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ONTARIO. 



7 



farm lot in eoncretc and iron pipes, re- 
quiring some forty miles of piping. 

Hecond— Improvo the main tliorough- 
/are so that it will be a thing of ])eanty 
and usefulness forever. 

Thn-d — Furnish a college for the educa- 
tion of tlie people of the colony. 

This of course involved tlie outlay of 
vast Slims of money before sales could be 
made. The reader would naturally en- 
<iuire, 

WHAT HAS BKKN HONK? 
Two HUNDRKO AND TjIIRTY-KlOHT 

Thousand Four Hundukd and Ninktv- 
NiNE 77-100 dollars have been spent Ijy tlio 
company up to July, 1884, in preparing 
Ontario for lileasant and profitable homes. 
All of which remains at Ontario benefit- 
ing those owning or purchasing lands in 
that place. Of the foregoing amount 
there has been spent 

.Seventeen Thousand Six Hundred 
AND Sixty 18-100 dollars in improving 
streets, planting trees and grading. Tlie 
most noticeable is Euclid Ayeniie. It ex- 
tends from the depot due north seven 
miles to the mountains; is 200 feet wide; 
is graded with a fine, hard double drive- 
Avay its entire length. A row of j^oung 
Eucalyptus trees (the giant trees of Aus- 
tralia, the largest in the world are of this 
kind) many of which are nearly 15 feet 
high, is set out along the sidewalks of this 
avenue. In the center of the avenue are 
two rows of palms extending the entire 
length. In a very few years this avenue 
will be the grandest, most beautiful and 
most romantic avenue in the world. 

Thirtv-three Thousand Seven Hun- 
dred AND Fourteen 24-100 dollars have 
been expended m constructing a tunnel 
to tap the subterranean How of the San 
Antonio Canj'^on, as a reserve and addi- 
tional water supply for these lands, and 
in constructing G,000 feet of ditch. It is 
constructed of stone laid in cement and 
has a capacity of 1,000 inches of water. 

For the purpose of using the waters of 
the San Antonio Canyon 

TW'ENTV-SIX AND ONE-HALF MiLES OF 

Cement Pipe have been laid tlirough the 

lands and avenues for irrigating purposes, 

costing Forty-three Thousand dollars. 

Ten Thousand Five Hundred dollars 



Jiave been expended in laying Three and' 
ONK-HAEF MiEEs of four-iuch, lap-weld^ 
screw-joint iron pipe which will stand a^ 
pressure of 5,000 tt)s per s(|uare inch, to 
supply the town site with water. Several 
miles of smaller pipe have been laid or are 
on hand for conducting water into houses,, 
etc. 

Thirtv-tive Hundred dollars have 
been expended in the construction of the 
depot and side-tracks. In addition to this 
the S. P. R. K. Co. have just linished an 
extensive freight depot and store room. 

Twenty-five Hundred dollars hav& 
been expended in constructing a dam in 
the canyon to turn out the surface waters, 
and in constructing roads. 

Nine Thousand Six Hundred and 
Twenty-five dollars have been expend- 
ed in other small improvements and in- 
cidental expenses. 

One Hundred Thousand dollars worth 
of lands -were donated by the Chaftey 
Brothers to Trustees for the erection and 
endowment of the Chatt'ey College of Ag- 
riculture of the University of Southern 
California. The foundations of the build- 
ing have been laid. Over 400,000 brick 
are in the kiln for building with, and the 
contract is ready to let for the erection 
of the edifice. 

A steam planing mill has been estab- 
lished at Ontario by W. J. Waddinghani; 
and is littcd up to do all kinds of work in 
wood, such as doors, blinds, sash, etc. 

The Southern Pacific llailroad has built 
a large freight warehouse for the accom- 
modation of shippers of freight and has- 
established an agent at Ontario for the 
sale of tickets. 

A large grain warehouse lias also been 
put up by Mr. W. J. Waddingham and 
the same is now full of wheat and barley 
raised without irrigation on the mesa 
lands surrounding Ontario. 

Over four miles of telephone line extend 
over the tract for the (!onvenience of the 
public. 

Water for irrigating is delivered in pipes 
to the highest corner on each ten-acre lot 
ready for use. 

No other agricultural colony or enter- 
prise in the United States has such a large 
amount of cement and iron jjipe in use for 
irrigating purposes as Ontario. 



ONTARIO. 




THE ONTARIO HOTEL. 



EiGHTKEN Thousand dollars have been 
' expended in the construction and furnish- 
ing of this hotel and some adjacent build- 
ings. 

This hotel is titled up in a style to com- 
pare with the best hotels in Southern Cali- 
fornia. The carpets and furniture are of 
.the very best quality and entirely new 
throughout. The tables are furnisheil 
Avitli the best the market affords and it is 
.j:)repared by most competent and lirst- 
class cooks. Tourists and travelers and 
those wlio arc seeking liomes in California 
■will lind this a good i>lace to stop as head- 
fiuarters. Good fishing and hunting in 
the mountains a few miles distant, .f. H. 
Fawcett is the mana2;ev. 



We ha\e bricJly sketched what has been 
done at Ontario in the short space of two 
years, showing its magical growth from a 
useless stretch of waste land to a garden 
of l>eauty. The reader would naturally 
say: "Well, if the place is as represented 
it must be that many sales have been 
made to those who have seen the place. 
Who and wliere are they, and what price 
did they pay for tlieir land?" 

We herewith fnrnish a list of purchas- 
ers, with former and present address, so 
that any one can write to them and ascer- 
tain the facts. We invite the reader to 
communicate with these persons for any 
further informalion. 



8 



ONTARIO. 




THE ONTARIO HOTEL. 



TLroiiTEEX Thou.sam> doUar.s have ))een 
■ expended in the construction and fnvnish- 
ing of this hotel and some adjacent liviild- 
ings. 

This hotel is litted up in a style to com- 
pare with the best hotels in Southern Cali- 
fornia. The carpets and furniture are of 
.the very best (juality and entirely new 
throughout. The tables are furnished 
Avith the best the market att'ords and it is 
.prepared Ijy most conipetent and tirst- 
class cooks. Tourists and travelers and 
those who are seeking homes in California 
will lind this a good place to stop as liead- 
quarters. Good fishing and hunting in 
the mountains a few miles distant, .f . H. 
Fawcett is the manasev. 



\\t' ha\ e brieily sketched what has been 
done at Ontario in the short space of two 
years, showing its magical growth from a 
useless stretch of waste land to a garden 
of l:>eauty. The reader would naturally 
say: "Well, if the place is as represented 
it must be that many sales have been 
made to those who have seen tiie place. 
Who and where are they, and what price 
did they pay for their land?" 

We herewith furnish a list of purchas- 
ers, with former and present address, so 
that any one can write to them and ascer- 
tain the facts. We invite the reader to 
communicate with these persons for any 
further information. 




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ONTARIO. 

liist of Property Owners at Ontario. 



Name of Purchaser. 



Alias. F. L 

Averill, W. W 

Auzerais. .1. E 

Boggs, ^^'. W 

Boggs, Geo. W 

Boggs, A. \V 

Borthvvick, A 

Bortliwick, J. P 

Buffinglon, M. C 

Buckler, I. B 

Bodkin, .T.. J 

Barlow, Cieo 

Burdette.f. W 

Brown, Kev. 1) 

Bradford, .las 

Bradford, M.\ 

Bowers, M. V 

Calkins, A. H 

Calkins, .J. S 

Chaflev, ('. F 

Chafley, Dr. E 

Cavalier, H 

Craig, Jas 

Connelly, .Jas 

Dyar, L. S 

Dunlap, .T. C 

Davidson, A 

Dwindle, Prof 

Drew, Edred 

English, Mrs 

Elliott, H 

Ferdinand, P. J 

Fleming, Rev. S. J... 

Gill, N. G 

Garcia, J. S 

Green, P. M 

Gargan, P 

Graves, L. D 

Holmes, N. O 

Harris, C. T 

Hutchins, T 

Hawes, E. A 

Holbrook, G. R 

Holmes, Joseph 

Holt, L. M 

Holmes, .T. H 

Holmes, Thos 

Holdridge, A 

Harker, W. R 

Hidden, II 

Hou.sekeeper, S. II. 

Heacock. H. B 

Jolliffe, .J. H 

Jones, I). T 

Klippel, Geo 

Leeke, W. T 

Lefevre, L 

Leach, E. E 

Mason, R 

Mclntyre. G. R 

Morgan, H. H 

May, W. H 

McCutcheon, R 

McMannis, E 



Residence. 



Ontario 

Ontario 

Los Angeles 

liOs Angeles 

Los Angeles 

Riverside 

(Jlasgow, Scotland... 

Ontario 

Ontario 

I.iberty, N. \' 

Orange 

Belle Phiine, Iowa... 

Burlington, Iowa 

liHS Vegas, N. M 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

C;hicago. Ill 

liOS Angeles 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Kingston, Canada.... 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Petaluma 

Berkeley 

C)ntario 

Santa Barbara 

Ontario 

Los Angeles 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Pa.sadena 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Orange 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Riverside 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Anaheim 

San Bernardino 

Ontario 

San Francisco 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Bly, Oregon 

Ontario 

Cedar Rapids, Iowa 

Kellogg, Iowa 

Ontario 

Red Monnd, Wis 

Ontario 

IjOs Angeles 

Ontario 



Former Residence. 



No. of 
Acres 



Town 
Lots. 



Pontiac, III... 

Redlauds 

Los Angeles. 

Riverside 

Riverside 

Riverside 



Los Angeles 

Burlington. Iowa. 



Riverside. 
Jamaica ... 



Mississippi 

Klamath, Oregon. 
San Bernardino... 



Exeter, Canada 

Toronto, Canada..., 
King.ston, C'anada 

Boston, Mass 



Etiwanda.. 



Riverside 

New Orleans, La... 
Toronto, Canada. . 



Riverside, Me . 
Riverside, Cal. 
Loda,Ill 



Loda, 111 

Carliu, Nev. 
Orange 



Illinois . 



Meade, Mich. 
Buflfalo, N. Y 



France. 



San Francisco 

Catlin, Colo 

Cucamon^ 



20 
10 

10 
10 
10 
10 

20 

20 
10 
20 



lu 

20 
20 
40 
10 



T23- 
(50 



10 

10 

10 
30 

oi 

10 

12}^; 

20 
10 
20 
20 



10 
12 
10 



20 



10 
10 



20 
20 



lO 



ONTARIO. 

List of Property Holders at Ontario — Concluded. 



Name of Purchaser. 



Kosidence. 



Former Residenee. 



No. of 
Acres 



Town 
Lots. 



Price. 



Moore, J. G 

Moores, J. B 

Madson, A 

Meek, W. T 

Moore, Dr. II 

Mansfield, J. L 

Nicol, Dau'l 

Neal, Cath 

Nicholson, W. G 

Newman, .las 

Noland, C. K 

Newniark, H 

Olrich, .1 

Oakley, H 

Payne, A. E 

Piddington, A 

llubio, A 

Rice, C. T 

Shepherd, B. C 

Sykes, Dr. C. R 

Stewart, John 

Sweet, O 

Sherman, C. E 

Stowell, N. W 

Stein, John 

Stratford, H.C 

Strong, S. W 

Shaw, D. A 

Steele, S. W 

Smith Bros 

Sykes, A. J 

Turner, A. M 

Tays, J. B 

Tays, Rev. J W 

Tays, J. A 

Taylor, Leon 

Walford, A.. 

Whittaker, J. W 

Waddingham, W.... 

Weaver, S. P 

Widney, R. M 

Woodbury & Hatch . 
Westwood, .T 



Ontario 

Ontario 

San Jose 

Anaheim 

Philadelphia, Pa 

Los Angeles 

Ontario 

Pomona 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Riverside 

Los Angeles 

Los Angeles 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Riverside 

Brockville, Canada. 

Chicage, 111 

San Francisco 

Jan Jose 

Caliente 

Los Angeles. 

Ontario 



Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Romeo, Mich. 

Riverside 

Ontario 

El Paso 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Los Angeles.. 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Los Angeles... 

Ontario 

Ontario 



De Luz .., 
Downey , 



Kingston, Canada . 

Riverside 

Kingston, Canada. 
Kingston, Canada . 



London, Canada.. 
N. Clarendon, Pa.. 
Toronto, Canada... 
Los Angeles 



Ottawa, Canada.... 

Oneonta, N. Y 

Medicine Lodge, Ks 

Los Angeles 

Cu(!amonga 

Anaheim 



El Paso, Texas. 



El Paso, Texas 

Cliino 

London, England , 

San Francisco 

Kingston, Canada. 



Los Angeles... 
Boston, Mass. 



10 



10 

10 
20 
40 
10 
12 
20 



20 
5 
123i 
20 
40 



20 

ir, 

40 
20 
10 

10 
20 
10 
20 

10 



11 



$ 300 

200 

100 

100 

200 

90(» 

1,500 

100 

200 

200 

200 

200 

1,500 

1,425 

2,500 

4,000 

8.000 

l,50a 

;},175 

4,000 

100 

(JOO 

0,125 

4,000 

750 

2,350 

3,000 

»j,000 

100 

200 

4,000 

300 

4,150 

>s,000 

4,000 

1,500 

100 

1,500 

4,000 

1,500 

5,000 

150 

1,500 



ONTARIO. 



I E 



List of Lots Sold with Estimated Value of Improvements Thereon, 
by Private Parties, July, 1884. 



Name of Owner. 



J. B. Tays 

W. B. Chaftey 

J. S. Garcia 

M. C. Bufflngton.... 

F.L. Alles 

W. B. Chaftey 

.1. C Dunlap 

A. Piddington 

J. P. Borthwick 

D. T. Jones 

L. 1). Graves 

M. V. Bowers 

Smith & Moores 

W. G. Nicholson.... 

J. Connelly 

P. Gargan 

K. McManius 

J. B. Moores 

Geo. Mclntyre 

E. McManius 

(ieo. Mclntyre 

F. I£. Cavaiier 

John Stein 

S. II. Hou.sekeeper. 

W. H. May 

H. Niedecl^en 

.loseph Holmes 

S. P. Weaver 

K. E. Leach 

H. Oakley 

<;. Holbroolt 

I. W. Whittaker 

S. W. Strong 

Dr. Chattev 

M. V. Bradford 

Wm. Hall 

H. Elliott 

E. H. Jollitte 

D. A. Shaw 

K. O. Holmes 

H. Holmes 

a. Mclntvre 

J. B. Tays 

.\. Davidson 

J. B. Tays 

A. Davidson 

C. R. Svkes 

V. ("haffey 

J. W. Tays 

.\. Rubio 

J. Westwood 

It. Mason 

I. B. Buckley 

(". H. Dwindle 

A. W. Boggs 

W. W. Boggs 

G. W. Bogg.s 

Ontario Land Co.:. 
t)ntario Land Co... 
Ontario Land Co... 
Dan Nicol 



9 town lots.. 
2 town lots.. 

40 acres 

20 acres 

20 acres 

2';^ acres 

30 acres 

20 acres 

1 town lot... 

2 town lots.. 

3 town lots.. 
3 town lots.. 
2 town lots.. 
2 town lots.. 
1 town lot... 
1 town lot... 

1 town lot... 

2 town lots.. 

1 town lot... 

2 town lots.. 
1 town lot... 

10 acres 

5 acres 

10 acres 

20 acres 

100 acres 

20 acres 

10 acres 

10 acres 

10 acres 

10 acres 

10 acres 

20 acres 

40 acres 

1 town lot... 

2>2 acres 

1 town lot... 

10 acres 

40 acres 

10 acres 

20 acres 

20 acres 

10 acres 

10 acres 

.") acres 

.") acres 

20 acres 

20 acres 

40 acres 

20 acres 

10 acres 

10 acres 

ft town lots. 

(50 acres 

10 acres , 

10 acres 

10 acres 

2'v acres 

10 acres 

1 town lot... 
10 acres 



VaUie of 

trees, vines, 

etc. 



$ 300 



1,000 

1,000 

2,000 

300 

500 

SOO 



House and barn.. 

Barn 

House and barn.. 
House and barn.. 
House and barn.. 

Hou.se 

House and barn.. 

House 

House 

Store 

Store 

Barn 

Stable 

House 

House 

House 

Two stores 



500 
300 



1,600 

10,000 

2,000 



1,000 
500 
1,500 
1,000 
2,500 
3,500 



750 
5,000 



1,500 

1,800 

1,000 

1,000 

.500 

500 

2,000 

1,200 

3,000 

l,.50O 

700 



Buildiugs and fenc- 



House 

Hou.se 

House 

House 

Two houses 

House and barn. 

House 

Barn 

House 

House 

House 

Hou.se 

House, etc 

Hou.se 

Hou.se 

House 

House 

Hou.se 

House 




Fence . 



Barn 



House. 
iBain ... 



200 

3,000 

1,500 

1,500 

1,.500 

500 

500 

150 

1,000 



Fencmg, etc. 



Hotel 

Boarding house.. 

Ottice 

House 



1,350 
tiOO 

3,-500 

1,500 

1,200 

4,000 
400 
150 
500 

1,500 
(J50 
(iOO 
500 
500 
200 

1,000 
900 
(550 

2,000 
150 
.350 
350 
150 
250 
200 

1,500 

2,500 
200 
:500 
175 

1,000 
400 
300 

4,750 
250 
100 
300 
350 

1 ,000 
150 



(50 



200 



100 
200 



1,000 



10,000 

1 .500 

1,900 

(300 



Total Valu« 

of luiprove- 

inents. 



12 



ONTARIO. 



List of Lots Sold -^.-ith Estimated Value of Improvements Thereoa, 
by Private Parties, July, 1884— Continued. 



Nawk of Ownek. 



J. A. Tays 

A. Holdridge 

L. S. Dvar 

L. 8. Dyar 

Thos. Holmes 

W. W. Averill 

P. (iargaii 

Ij. Tayloi' 

W. Wa(ldiuj>baui... 

W. B. Chatrey 

10. ITavvo.s 

\V. Neal 

Jl. ('. Stratford 

.1. H. Favvcett 

L. M.llolt 

■^r. lliUchiiis 

N. a. am 

W. T. Leeke 

If. H. Morgan 

N. W. iStovvell 

.S. W. .Steele 

A. Borthwick 

<;. Olrieh .* 

S. J. Fleming' 

J. G. INIoore 

J. J. Bodkin 

B. ('. Shepherd 

AV.J. Waddinghani 

T.. M. Holt 

Ontario Nurserv 



20 icres- , 

1 town lot... 

20 acre.s 

2' 2 acres 

20 acre.^ 

10 acres 

10 acres 

10 aci'es 

20 acres 

20 acres 

10 acres 

1 ttnvn lot... 

10 acres 

20 acres 

10 acres 

2}^' acres.... 

10 acres 

20 acres 

20 acres 

20 acres 

1 town lot... 

10 acres 

10 acres 

2':^ acres 

1 town lot.., 

20 acres 

2' J acres 

1 town lot.., 

2 town lots.. 
40 acres 



Value ot 

trees, vines, 

etc. 



,000 
;")0 

,:;oo 

200 
,0(K) 
.000 
000 
,000 

,or)0 
,000 
r)00 



,000 
.000 
000 
(iOO 
000 

,.100 
,0{wj 



,(100 
.'500 



100 

;'.oo 



10,000 



Buildiuss and feac- 



House . 
House. 
House. 



Fencing .. 
Barn, etc. 

Fence 

Fence 



Value of 
Buildings. 



.-,00 

.•;.30 



120 

400 

()0 

(>0 



Hou.se 

House, etc 
Fence 



.•;o(i 

1,200 
120 



Hou.se ■. 


;'.oo 






Fence 


120 


Hou.se 


r,()0 


.Shop 


l.")0' 






Hou.se 


2-")0 






Barn 


l.'iO 






House 


2,000 


Shop 


17-i 


House 


1,0.')0 







Total Value 
of Improve- 
ments, 



$2,.500 
400 

2,(jr>o 

200 

2,120 

1,400 

OHO 

1,000 

l,0.->0 

2,000 

-'300 

300 

2,200 

2,120 

900 

600 

1,200 

1,.'>00 

1,120 

.500 

150 

1 ,000 

2.')0 

:^.00 

1.50 

100 

2,:100 

17.5 

l,a50 

10,000 



Total value of trees, vines, etc., $93,200; total value of buildings, $<i.'J,140; total value 
of improvements, $156,n40. 

Ontario Nursery. One thou.sand ornamental trees. 

One thou.sand two hundred fruit trees 

Fortv thousand seedling poach trees for i'^^ orchard. 
, 1 1- ■ Sixteen thou.sand grape cuttings in vine- 

budding. . y^j.j_ 



Twenty thou.sand seedling pear tree.s for 

grafting. W. B. Ohafiky, Esq., Dear iSir:—All 

Fifteen liiou.sand seedling apple trees the above nunsery trees were planted last 

for graftin"-. stpriug, and they have all made a good 

(Sixteen thousand apple graft.s. growth, much better than I expected. 

One thou.sand cherry grafts. Yours truly. 

One thou.sand pepper trees. Ontario, Aug. 1, 18S4. D. A. Sha'»v. 




Pine Forests of San Antonio Canyon^ above Ontario. 



14 



ONTARIO. 



The Price of Land at Ontario. 

Are not tlie prices too high? Cannot 
equally good lands be bought for less 
money? 

Yes, equally good lands can be bought 
in Africa, or South America, or Mexico 
for less money; and there are remote, 
isolated places m California wliere land 
can be bought for less money. 

But in the two cases what do you buy? 
At Ontario the land without the water and 
the other public benefits is worth only 
$7") to f 100 per acre; but in buj'ing, the 
purchaser's land is enhanced in value by 
the 1238,409 spent by the company m pub- 
lic improvements, in which every pur- 
chaser is a joint beneficiary^ as much as if 
he held an absolute title to his part. 

Ij«nd in New York C-itj^ is worth thou- 
sands of dollars per foot. Why? Because 
of the surroundins circumstances of com- 
merce, business, society and civilization. 
Aside from sucli circumstances, land in 
New York City is worth but a few dollars 
per acre. 

The same rules apply at Ontario. The 
value of property is fixed and made by 
the combination of circumstances which 
nature and monej' liave pi'oduced — pro- 
ductive, exhanstless soil, abundance of 
water, irrigating dams, ditches, tunnels, 
pipes, avenues, hotels, railroads, colleges, 
liealth, civilization, good society, live, en- 
■ergetic, wealthy settlers — all combine to 
inake the land reasonable at its present 
prices. 

If a person wants this combination 
around liis homo and familj' he must ex- 
pect to pay for it in some form. Here it 
^ilready exists, and is paid for by the own- 
ers of the land, and is added to the ordi- 
nary price of land — each purchaser paying 
his proportion. 

If a person wisliosland without these 
■circumstances of liealth, civilization and 
■education he can get it in other portions of 
the world; but let him remember that 
when he has so purcliased the cheap lands 
it will cost him vast sums to add to it 
these things whicli alone elevate and build 
up the human race into higher culture, 
enjoyment and civilization. F-ands at any 
4>rice witliout these aids are far dearer 



than Ontario lands are at their present 
prices, with the auxiliaries existing. 

Men of good business judgment and 
foresight see these facts and unhesitatingly 
purchase here for their homes. We ven- 
ture the statement that in the State of 
California there is not a collection of men 
who will average in wealth, business 
ability, judgment and foresight as high as 
the purchasei's of land at Ontario. 

A person lacking in these qualities never 
purchases in Ontario. He is the only one 
who, after seeing, says lands are too high. 

Our men of best ability classif^^ Ontario 
lands as reasonable in price and destined 
to advance in rapid strides to |I000 per 
acre. ^ 

$16,000 an Acre. 

J. A, Carit, of San Bernardino, Cal., a 
native of France, but for several years a 
resident of Central America, and more late- 
1}' of this county, mentions the fact that 
vineyard projierty near Bordeaux, France, 
has sold recently at as high a figure as 
$16,000 per acre, and that the vines only 
bear about 2li pounds each of grapes. 
Where is the price of land going to yet in 
this country? — Presfi and JlorticHlturist. 



Ontario Prices. 



In answer to a number of inquiries for 
our opinion of the prices of Ontario land, 
we answer: 

The prices asked for lands may seem a 
little high, but when everything is taken 
into consideration, with a guarantee of 
every promise made being fulfilled to the 
letter, we consider the lands very reason- 
able.— 7'*(rrt/, Ckdijorniau, 1S82. 

Since the above was printed the i)rom- 
ises have been carried out, as hereinbe- 
fore shown. 

Is One Inch of Water to Ten Acres 
Enough ? 

Pasadena uses about one inch to 20 
acres; Riverside, one inch to ti acres; Po- 
mona, one inch to 10 acres; Los Angele* 
city, about one inch to 10 acres; Long 
Beach, one inch to ir> acres; Ontario, one 
inch to 10 acres. 

One inch of water is worth $1000 tc* 
$1500. In time it will be worth double 
that. 



ONTARIO. 



«5 



ONTARIO WATER RIGHTS. 



"Water Contract Between the Chaffey 
Brothers and San Antonio Water 
Company. 

The foUowiuK contract is the basis of 
the water rights of settlers in the Ontario 
tract: 

Agreement made and entered into this 
2;Jd day of November, A. I). 1882, between 
Geo. Chatt'ey, Jr., and William li. Chatt'ey, 
parties of the first part, and the San An- 
tonio Water Company, a corporation or- 
ganized under the laws of the State of 
California, party of the second part, wit- 
nesseth: That, whereas, the parties of the 
first part are the owners in certain water, 
water rights, water i^rivileges and appur- 
tenances, (lowing from the Cucamonga 
mountains, in San Bernardino county, 
<"alifornia, in and through the San Anto- 
nio canxon and creek to the extent of one- 
half of all the water in the same, and party 
^>f the second part is desirous of obtaining 
title to the same; 

Now, therefore, in consideration of the 
♦•ovenants and agreements hereinafter 
mentioned, and of one dollar in hand paid 
each to the other b\^ the parties hereto, 
tlie receipt of which is hereby acknowl- 
■edged, the said parties mutually covenant 
and agree as follows, to-wit: 

I'irst, The parties of the lirst part will, 
at their own cost and expense, construct a 
reservoir on the northern part of the col- 
ony of Ontario, in said county, upon a site 
Whicli shall be mutually agreed upon, and 
which reservoir shall be substantially 
constructed, and of a capacity to hold a suf- 
ficient supply for distribution over the 
Jands sold and to be sold in said colony 
1)}'^ parties of the first part, and will Hume, 
pipe or by by other means conyey the one- 
half of the water from said canj^on or 
•creek, and of the waters to be developed 
theioin into said reservoir as rapidly as 
the land sold by parties of the (list j)ait 
shall be ready for irrigation to the highest 
corner on each ten-acre lot owned by ihe 
stockholders of the party of the second 
part, placing on each line of pipes turn- 
outs so constructed as to measure accur- 
ateh' the water to be delivered to each 
tract, and also to and over the town tracit 
o( Ontario, as located by said parties of 



the first part, in said colony, containing 
one hundred and sixty acres of land. 
The pipes to supply said town with water 
shall be laid on all streets running north 
and south from a point which will give 
sufficient pressure for a twentj'-foot head 
at the north line of said town, and said 
parties of the lirst part will, on the ir>th 
day of Juh', 1883, convey by deed of 
grant to said parties of the second part all 
the waters to the extent of one-lialf there- 
of, and all of the waters to be develo[)ed 
Mowing in and through said San Antonio 
canyon and creek, and the rights ^.nd 
privileges appurtenant ^thereto, and also 
the reservoir heretofore mentioned, and 
the flumes, pipes, or other modes of con- 
veyance built for conducting tlie said 
water to the reservoir, and the right of 
waj'^ therefor, and also the right to take 
and use all necessary materials from the 
adjoining lands to repair or reconstruct 
said reservoir. It being understood that 
parties of the first part may use the water 
at any point or points above the reser- 
voirs for milling or mechanical purposes, 
or any purpose requiring power; provided 
that the same shall be returned into the 
reservoir without waste of the original 
supply. 

Second, That said parly of the second 
jjart will, on or before the 15th day of 
July, 188:!, on demand issue to the said 
parties of the first part shares of stock of 
the San Antonio Water t^ompany, to be 
estimated as follows, to-wit: 

All water flowing from said San Antonio 
canyon or creek shall, on the 15th day of 
Jul\', 188;?, be measured at the place of 
discharge into the said reservoir. iVn inch 
of water for all purposes mentioned herein 
is defined to be a stream which will flow 
through an aperture one inch square in a 
one-inch plank under a four-inch pressure 
from the center of such aperture. One 
share of stock shall be issued for each one- 
tenth of an inch of water so measured. 
The stock subsci-ibed by the corporators 
of party of the second part shall be in- 
cluded in and l^e a part of the said issue- 
and shall be delivered jirevious to said 
15th day of July, 1883, either to said sub- 
scribers or to the parties of the first part 
on demand to the extent of two thousand 
shares. 



ONTARIO. 



There shall be issued to R. M. Widney, 
of Los Angeles, one hundred and sixty 
shares of the stoek of said (lorporation, 
to be held by him in trust for the town of 
Ontario aforesaid; and the inhabitants of 
said town sliall be entitled to the use of 
sixteen inches of water for.tlie j>urpoises 
set forth in t)ie eertiticate of incorporation 
of siiid San AntoniO Water Company, and 
subject to all rules, rei^ulations and 
charges ol saul lorporation; provid»'d that 
should it be found a less number of inches 
of water w ill supply said purposes, then 
said shares sl)aU be reduced so as to rep- 
resent the number of inches actually re- 
quired, and the overplus, if any, shall be 
issued for tlu; benellt of and to the parlies 
of the lirst part in accordance with the 
terois of this agreement. 

Third, From and after July 15ih,- 1883, 
the parties of the tirst part ma3' improve 
or further develop water in said canyon or 
any other canyon in the vicinity or at any 
other land owned by them, or obtain 
water, by purchase or otherwise, from 
any party, provided that the water so de- 
veloped, purchased, or owned can be put 
in the said reservoir by pipes or Humes as 
hereinbefore described; and at the end of 
each year for fifteen years, on each suc- 
ceeding loth day of July, the additional 
water so delivered in the said reservoir 
over and above that measured in the j^re- 
ceding year, shall be measured in the 
same manner us sot forth in article second 
herein, and additional shares of stock 
shall be issued therefor upon the same 
basis as above set forth, provided that the 
said parties of the tirst part shall at the 
same time convey by deed of grant to 
party of the second part all land and 
water so developed, purchased or owned, 
and the pipes or flumes appurtenant 
thereto, and the right of way therefor. 
It being understood that further develop- 
ment can be continued on the same land 
or on that purchased f)r owned in each 
year for Jifteen years from the loth day of 
July, 1883, by said parties of the lirst part, 
and additional shares of stock issued to 
them for the same, upon the same basis 
and subject to the same conditions and 
provisions as hereinbefore set forth. It 
being further understood that said parly 
of the second pan have possession of and 



lull control over all distributing pipes 
from the reservoir as soon as the same 
shall be constructed and laid. 

Foarth, During the aforesaid term of 
fifteen years from the 15th day of Julj ', 
)8S.'i, the said jmrty of the second part 
hereby binds itself not to issue or dispose 
of any stock in its company (o any other 
jierson or persons than those hereinabove 
mentioned. It being understood that on 
the 15th of Jul3% 1897, the partiesof the sec- 
ond part shall be iu the full possession by 
deed of grant, front tlie jiartios of tlie (irs( 
part of all sources of water supply, ali 
water aiid water rights, i-eservoirs, Humes, 
and pipes of supply and disti-ibution, amJ 
all rights of way therefoi-, herein men- 
tioned, and after said 15th of July, 18517, 
the said party of the se<*ond part «hall 
have the exclusive right to developo water 
on the tracts of land hereinbefort! de- 
scribed, and may purchase any water or 
w ater rights after said last date, from any 
person or persons and develop the same- 
paying therefor in stock or otherwise. If 
in stock, then at not less than upon the 
same basis as hereinbefore set forth, antl 
no slock shall be solil or disposed of t(* 
any person except upon ihe basis of on<" 
share for each one-tenth of an inch of 
water so purchased or for any olhei- con- 
sideration than for further water supply; 
and parties of the tirst part agree that 
right of way over and through any land 
owned by said parties of the lirst psirt 
shall be granted free of cost for all watei- 
>o developed or purchased. This agree- 
ment shall bind the heirs, executors, ad- 
ministrators, successors and assigns of the 
respective parties hereto. 

In witness whereof the parties cif the 
rirst part Irave hereunto signed their 
names. 

[Signed] Geo. CHAFFtv,. Jk.. 

W. B. Chappkv.. 

And the party of the sec^ond part has 
signed its name and afhxed its corporate 
seal, being lirst duly authorized by a reso- 
lution of its Board of Idrectors. 

San Antonio Watkh t'oAirANV. 

[SKAL.] K. M. WlDNKV, PlCS't. 

Attest: L. M. Holt, Sec'y. • 

Extract frosn minutes of meeting of 

Board of Directors, Saii Antonio Water 

Company. 



ONTARIO. 



DlREC'TOR.s' MEEflN-Gt. 

Ontario, Nov. 23, I8s2. 
Remlved, That the agreement to be en- 
tered into on the ^-iirdav of November, 
1882, between George C'halley, Jr., and 

■ W. B, t'hattey, of the one part, and the 

' rSan Antonio Water t'onipany on the other 
part 1)6, and the same is hereby ratified in 
all its parts, and the President and Secre- 
tary of the corporation are hereb3^ author- 
ized to sig-n, acknowledge and affix the 

' corpor«,te seal of this corporation to said 

■agreement. 

I certify tlie above to l:)e a true, fnll and 
• correct copyof a resolution as recorded in 
the minutes- of the record book of a meet- 
ing of Directors -of this corporation. 

L. M. Holt, Sec'y. 

What an Incii of Water Will Do. 



'■ People gerterall^-., and Eastern people in 
•particular, have a very vague idea re- 
garding an incb of water. For the benefit 
of such we present a few facts relative 
iliereto). 

lu discussing water rights in Soutiieru 
California it has become customary and 
convenient to speak of an inch of water to 
a certain number of acres of land. For 
instance, Riverside has been using one 
inch of water to six acres of land, and 
•wastiKgas much more through its waste- 
S-u'iL systems of open ditches. Redlands 
and Etiwanda are using one inch to eight 
.acres; Ontario and Pomona, one inch to 
' cen'aOVfes, ■•vvhile Pasadena last season had 
one hvAi to l(i<> acres, but now they have 
put up a pumj> at a cost of ^12,000 and are 
furnishing the settlement with more wa- 
ter, but have also spread their supply 
' oyer'ViM'Cre land. Los Angeles has liad 
' »»e*^iach to from seven to ten acres. 

An inch of water is the quantity which 
ilows through an aperture one inch square 
an a one-inch plank, under a four-inch 
pressure, measuring from tlit* center of 
.the aperture. 

Fifty inches of water will furnish a 
cubic foot of water per second. 

A stream of water is said to contain a 
certain number of inches of water for irri- 
gating i)urposes, based uix>n a measure- 
ment in midsummer, say the loth of 
July or the 1st of August. The stream 
will be much larger during April, Ma.y 
and June, ami the stream will commence 
to increase in volume again by the 1st or 



ISth of September, altliougii iiO J'ains may 
fall for several months after those dates. 

An inch of water flowing twertty-four 
hours will fill a cubical cistern 10 feet 
square and 17,'i feet deep. 

On a basis of one inch of water to eight 
acres of land each eight-acre lot would re- 
ceive 390,000 gallons of water each month. 
The average number of trees to eight 
acres is 576; therefore the ground sur- 
rounding each tree would receive 677 
gallons iier month or about twenty-two 
barrels of water in thirty days. 

This basis of one inch of water to eight 
acres of land is equal to a rainfall of one 
and three-fourth inches during the driest 
month, and from two to three inches per 
month during April, Maj- and June; also 
duiing October and November. — Press 
avd HordcnUnrhSt. 



How to Estimate the ileal Value of 
Land. 



The intrinsic or real value of land is 
determined by comparing its net nicome 
with tlie rate of intei'est at that place. If 
after deducting all exi^enses land gives a 
net yield of |U per acre, and the ctin-ent 
rate of net interest is 6 per cent., then the 
land is worth $100 per acre. 

If the rate of interest goes down to 3 per 
cent., then the same land is worth |200per 
acre. 

If tlie rate of interest reniains at 6 per 
cent., and the net income from the land 
runs up to §i30 per acre, then the value of 
the land is §300 per acre. 

Land in orange trees frequently gives 
f 600 net profit per acre, which would gixe 
as the valine of the land $10,000 per 
acre. There are orange groves in South- 
ern California that tlie owners would not 
take $10,000 per acre for, 

\'ineyards for raisins or wine will give 
a net profit of as high as |>300 per acre, 
which would put the value at $5000 per 
acre. Lands in Ontario and in many 
places in Southern California will in fruits 
3'ield a net profit of from $i)0 per acre up 
to $600, and are intrinsically worth from 
$1000 upwards. 

Home seekers are beginning to come in 
already and a large einigraftion may be 
looked for this winter. 



ONTARIO. 



19 



EDUCATIONAL. 



Interesting History — Early Days at 
Ontario — Laying the Corner Stone 
of the Chaffey College of Agricul- 
ture. 



When this occurred Ontario had just. 
been .started. Not a settler upon it, and 
not an acre of land cultivated. The fol- 
lowing is from the Los Angeles Daihi 
Herald of March 18, 1883: 

The programme for Saturday, March 
17tli, 1883, made Ontario, the new fruit 
colony, the objective point. At 8:30 the 
Press Excursion and others embarked by 
rail at the Kiver.side depot and proceeded 
to Coiton. At 9 o'clock a special train, 
chai-tered by Chattey Brothers, took the 
people and started for Ontario where the 
train .side tracked for the day. At this 
point scores of people had assembled to 
take the people to the mesa at the foot of 
the mountains, some seven miles distant. 
A portion of the conveyances were loaded 
up at once and started up Euclid Avenue, 
which lias been graded for a distance of 
six and a half miles. The excursion had 
but just got awaj- from the station when 
another train arrived from Los Angeles, 
bringing another large crowd of people, 
but there were teams enough for all. 

By 11:30 o'clock all had arrived on the 
picnic grounds, which consisted of a table- 
laud at the foot of the mountains at the 
head of the Ontario tract. There are in 
this elevated plateau some 80 acres of the 
finest land to be found in the State, and 
it is here that it is proposed at no \evy 
distant day to erect a fine hotel after the 
style of Sierra ISIadre ^'illa in Los Angeles 
count.>'. The location is about 800 feet 
above the town of Ontario, on tlie railroad, 
and about 1800 feet above the sea level, 
and tlie view from this point is one of the 
finest to l>e found in Southern California. 
Had this mesa been laid ofl into five-acre 
tracts the whole could have been .sold at 
high figures on sJiort notice to those 
present. 

There had l.>een jnepared liere a fine 
lunch, which was .spread on a long table, 
and at a signal from William H. Barnes, 
Manager of the Press Excursion, wlio 
took his place at the head of the table, the 



company soon fell into line and all helped 
themselves until five hundred appetites, 
sharjiened by the pure mountain air, were 
entirely satisfied. 

After lunch Mr. Bai-nes'mounted a box, 
blew lus whistle, and in a few minutes 
had the Press As.sociation around him, 
together with a large and attentive audi- 
ence of other people. He addressed them 
briefly, referring to the enterprise and 
hosi3italit3' of the Chattey Brotliers — a 
firm that advertised more liberallj' than 
any other on the coast. 

Mr. L. P. McCarthy, of the San Fran- 
cisco Statistician, Secretary of the Pacific 
Coast Press Association, tlien introduced 
tlie following resolutions: 

Whereas, The spirit of enterprise and 
energy should ever be recognized by 
"press" and "i^eople," therefor, be it 

Resolved, That the ideas to ])e illustra- 
ted in tlie proposed Colon.y of Ontario and 
the intended settlement of said tract by 
an intelligent and thrifty people merits 
and is entitled to the cordial ai>probatioa 
of every reflecting mind. 

Resolved, That the Chafte.v Brotliers, in 
this enterprise, have tlie sincere wishes of 
all here present for their entire success in 
each and eveiy particular. 

Resolved, That for the generous and lib- 
eral hospitality this day extended, we 
hereby evidence our heartj' appreciation 
and close with the sentiment "that we 
ma J- be spared to return to this spot five 
years from ttiis date and find instead of 
an uninhabited plain, a happy colony of 
handsome women and gallant men living 
in comfortable homes beneath their own 
vine and fig tree, basking in the sunshine 
of a golden prosperity." 

Resolved, That a copy of tiiese resolu- 
tions be ijresented to the Chattey Brothers 
and that the same be inscribed upon the 
pages of the record book of th.e Pacific 
Coast Press Association. 

President Barnes invited all to vote up- 
on the resolutions, when they were adopt- 
ed with a shout that fairly made the 
mountain canyons ring back their echoes. 

The multitude then took to the wagons, 
and soon a procession several inilfes long 
was returning down the avenue, headed 
for the college campus on the west side of 
the avenue, one mile from the railroad 
track. Here they found the foundation 
walls of the college building already laid 
and the corner-stone in readiness for the 
final ceremonies. 



20 



ONTARI(3. 



"ftev. A. M. Hough cmjc^I the imetins; to 
order, aft^r which the grand anthem, 

was finely renrlered by Mr. ,!. H. >took, 
Mrs. IvOiiise 1. Heesoii ;i!ui Mrs. A. K. 
Pomeroy. Prayei wn/^ Lheu (jj'ered tiy 
Rev. M. F. Colburn, of l{iverside. 

Mr. K. J. Wiukson, of the Pari.Jic lla.ral 
Prt^n, delivered a carefully piepared ad- 
dress, of \vhii-,h tht^ following is the jiro- 
logue — the address we oinil for want of 
of sijaee: 



homes, an institiHion the aim of whieb 
shall be to bring to the inmates of those 
homes the improving inrtnencjos of mental 
and moral <'ulture, and at the .>ame time 
dissemiTiate among them a better under- 
standing of methods and means which 
may acJvance their material jjrosperitj'. 
Thus, while they are establishing homes, 
you establish in the midst of them an in- 
(hience toward home improven^ent; while 
they ar<i (;onfiden(ly making investment: 
and putting forth (iftbrt to secure for them- 
selves and their i-hildren the blessings and 




Chaffey College '>f Agriculture. 



JMt. President, Gfntlcinen oj the Board of 
Trustees of thr Chaffey College of AqrL- 
ctUture : 

We are assembh-d to-day to mark by 
appropriate ceremonies the inception of 
an undertaking which we trust will result 
in an important contribution to the edu- 
cational and industrial advanc^ement of 
the State. You plant in a fruitful region, 
whiclii W'-^ expect will be filled with happy 



benefits of industrial success, you have 
undertaken to build up an agency which 
shall help to make the attainment of that 
success more sure. The effort is one emi- 
nently fit to be made, and it reflects credit 
upon you as devoted friends of intellectual 
and industrial advancement, and upon 
those by whose generous enterprise you 
are furnished with materials for the work 
you have ii:ndertaken. May your effort 



ONTARIO. 



21 



he crowned with the fullest success. May 
it bo yours to rememltfr with pride when 
this grand districrt of our State shall he 
fully clotlied with the green and {jold of 
w;rowth and fruitage, that you stood here 
when the fields \vere hare and pledged 
yourselves to the upholding of an institu- 
tion which proved itself an inij)ortant fac- 
tor in the development \\ hi<ij your eyes 
shall see. 

Judge II. M. VV'iduoy, (.^liairinan of the 
Board ol" Directors of the I'niversity, then 
■<lelivered the follf)wiiig address: 

[When this address was delivered Onta- 
rio was an unbroken waste; not a settk^r 
-'"ui il, uoi an acre cultivated.] 

AUI)Kj;sS OV Jl'UG'K WIDNKV. 

I, adieu and (IcntUnnm: Many centuries 
.ago a Syrian king b\' night surrounded a 
city in which was one of the Prophets of 
3srael whom he wished to kill. When 
the morning dawned, a 3'oung man who 
was with the prophet, .stseing the Syrian 
army, cried out in despair, "Alas, my 
master, what shall we do?" Mlisha prayed 
that the I/ord would open the eyes of the 
young man that he miglit see, and his 
•eyes were opened; "and he saw; and be- 
liold, the mounlain was full of horses and 
•chariots of lire around and abtmt Elisha." 
With the natural eye you look upon these 
surrounding uncultivated and unsettled 
plains, and you 'ay, "Why lay the foun- 
dation stone and build a college here and 
Jiow? it is premature and must fail."' 
But let us draw aside the vail and behold 
llie unseen future. I pray that your eyes 
may be opened and that you may see the 
things "that must shortly be." 

The United States is rapidly jHjpulating 
h\ every part. I{y immigration and birth 
the country will be a.s densely populated 
as the countries of Europe. 

The desirable places where climale, 
Ncenery, soil, water. cx>mmerce and edu- 
cration comljine, will settle uj) most 
quickly. The.se circumstances combiuctl 
f re long will populate Ontario with homes 
iind a teeming population. Not only 
Ontario, but all these extended plains 
stretched out before you will be densely 
populated in the years to come. Water 
will be stored in these mountain canyons, 
or drawn from deep well.s, or brought in 



pijHjs from distant mountain streams and 
rivers, and clause those valleys to blossom 
as the Garden of the Lord. Not only i.s it 
true of this place, but of all Southern Cali- 
fornia. A heavy population will 5'et tread 
this sunny southern land. 

About half a century ago (jne of the 
strong minds of Europe wrote a little book 
called the "Vestiges of Creation," treating 
of the growth and development of the hu- 
man race. lie i)rop!iesied, his eyes were 
opened and he saw into the future. Of 
the I'nited States he said: "The United 
States might be expected to make no great 
way in civilization till they be fully i)eo- 
pled to the Pacitic, and it iiiight not be 
unreasonable to exiiect that when that 
event has ocieurred, the greatest civiliza- 
tion of that territory will be found in the 
I*ninsula of California and the narrow 
strip of country beyond the Koeky Moun- 
tains." This day, with your natural eyes, 
.\ou behold that prophesy being fulfilled. 

We build these foundations and lay in 
place this corner-stone, not for the present 
alone, but looking down the flowing tide 
of years we .see the coming millions and 
we build for them as well. The demand 
of our own day and society must be met. 
Those who settle here want the best edu- 
cational facilities for tlieir chfldren, at 
their own door. 

The earth will be the home of our de- 
scendants for thousands of years after we 
have passed away. We should do all we 
can to make the earth most beneficial to 
them. The literature, enlightenment and 
comforts that we enjoy are the results of 
the educational work of our ancestors. 
They erected colleges and universities in 
the past centuries, and froin them came 
the educated and trained minds, which by 
scientitic investigation and invention have 
produced tiie astounding works and eivil- 
zation of this nineteenth century. We 
owe it to posterity to do for them as has 
been done for us. 

It becomes necessary then to educate 
men in agriculture, so" that they may 
know how to increase the productive 
character of the earth and thus provide 
for the support of the dense population 
that is to be. 

lu the Garden of Eden the command 
wa.s given to man "to subdue the earth," 



ONTARIO. 



He caa not wilh his puny physical 
strength subdue the earth. It can only 
be done by his intellect. By it he has 
been subduing the forces of the air, earth 
and -water. And now we look upon pow- 
ers and forces and velocities as our obedi- 
ent servants. 

The establishment of this Agricultural 
College will give to those who shall iread 
its halls in pursuit of knowledge that 
power which is specially necessary to 
solve the agricultural questions that shall 
be presented when the (doming civilization 
shall be here in its glory. 

Those of us who labor and have labored 
to establish the University of Southern 
California have looked into the future and 
seen and believed the coming future des- 
tiny of man in this garden spot of earth. 

This Chatt'ey College of Agriculture is 
one of its branches destined to accomplish 
its great mission for the race. In their 
liberality they have done that which will 
hand their names down in most grateful 
remembrance to the latest family of man. 
If they accomplish no more than tliis, 
they will have done a work that is an 
honor to a life time. 

Though the tide of prosperity may ebb 
and flow in Southern California, and 
tliough in dark times some may say as 
did the young man with Elisha, "Alas, 
what shall we do," yet the friends of tliis 
great work, looking into the faces of the 
pleading ones of the future, will stand by 
this work vintil success crowns its eftbrts. 
Many of you present wield that mightier 
power than the sword, the pen. This 
power came to you through the colleges 
and universities of the land. You can aid 
in this work and repay to some extent the 
benefits you have received. You speak 
to the millions aud the millionaires. For- 
ever wield your pens actively and ener- 
getically to build up all institutions of 
learning, that their benetits may flow down 
the tide of time. Wealth and laurels left 
to children too soon disappear and poverty 
is upon them. Leave them these educa- 
tional facilities and their children, though 
poor, may come within these halls of 
learning aud go forth the peer of any man 
in intellectual strength and power. To 
aid in accomplishing this great work, we 
this day lay tais corner stone. 



At the conclusion of the address of 
Judge Widney, Hon. E. F. Spence, Chair- 
man of the Board of Directors of the 
University of Southern California, was 
called on for a speech and spoke as fol- 
lows : 

ADDRESS OF MR. SPENCK. 

Tradition informs us that It was resolved 
in the councils of the Most High that a 
house should be built. From* the sacred 
writings we learn that the desire perme- 
ated the great, the good, the far-seeing and 
progressive mind that a house should be 
built. Nations, peoples, states, communi- 
ties are actuated by the same impulse. 
The enquiring mind asks why and where- 
fore such desire. The reply comes re- 
sponsive from the olden time and finds a 
lodgment in the human breast that the 
loftiest aspiration of man is to worship 
God. Still the unsatisfied enquirer asks, 
why and wherefore? And still again 
comes the reply that it is in accord with 
our higher nature that God should be 
worshipped according to the light shed 
upon us by His books. The doubting yet 
eager mind still persists and asks, what 
are his books? We reply that a part of 
liis books are always with us. We see 
them in the sunshine and in the storm, 
the ceaseless surges of our Pacific, the 
(juiet murmur of the smallest rivulet that 
gushes forth from the mountain brow, the 
life and health-giving breezes that sweep 
over our southern plains, the soil upon 
which we stand, the sturdiest tree that 
graces the Sierra's side, the tiniest floweret 
that blushes upon earth's carpet, are all 
leaves in the book of God, To-day we lay 
the corner-stone of a house dedicated to 
the reading and understanding of tliis 
book. Our sincerest desire is that the 
students who shall in the coming years; 
occupy it may so usefully employ their 
time that the influences of the knowledge 
received of the earth upon which we live, 
its capabilities and possibilities, may be^ 
felt for good for coming generations. 

Rev. M. M. Bovard, President of the 
University of Sotithern California, then irk 
a few well chosen remarks, 

LAID THE CORNER-STONE. 

The audience then joined in singing 
"America," after which the benediction 



OxNTARIO. 



was pronouiioed by Rev. Mr. Fariisworth, 
of Pasadena. 

Following is a list of articles deposited 
in the corner-stone: 

A copy of the Phkss and IIorticulti:- 
KisT of :^[arch 10, IHbS, the tirst edition 
))rinted on the new steam power press 
after tlie tire. 

A copy of tlie resolutions adoj^jted by tlie 
Press Association and olliers at tlie picnic 
regarding Ontario tlie tiriii of Chattey 
lirothers. See resolutions above. 

Los Angeles Daily Times, Los Angeles 
Daily Herald, Los Angeles Daily Express, 
Los Angeles Daily Coirunercial. 

.San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco 
Call and Post. 

Record book with names of those pres- 
ent. 

Files of Ontario Fruit Grower to date. 

Christian Advocate, Sau Francisco. 

Pacific Rural Press, San Francisco. 

Postal Index, San Francisco. 

Illustrated Herald, 1882. 

Ontario Pamphlet. 

Downey Signal. 

Names of singers— Mrs. Louise I. Bee- 
son, Mrs. A. E. Pomeroy, J. H. Book. 

Files of University paper. 

Copies of blank deeds, contracts, checks 
and warrants used by the Trustees in 
transacting business of the University. 

Invitations to the laying of the corner 
stone of the University'building and also 
for this occasion. 

Postal card. 

Programme of Editorial Press excursion. 

Ticket to Southern California Citrus Fair 
at Riverside, 1883. 

Ten-cent piece, 1875, by H. W. Buck, 
]Mt. Ayr, Iowa. 

Three-cent stamped envelope. 

Five-cent piece, L. P. McCarty. 

Copper cent, A. T. Hatch, Suisun. 

Badge of Pacific Coast Press Association. ' 

Half-dollar, found in Virginia City In- 
ternational Hotel after the late fire, by 
W. H. H. Scott. 

Smooth half-dollar, F. E. Little. 

Mule shoe, D. Nealon, Cucamonga. 

Catalogues of Southern California Uni- 
versity entertainments up to present time. 

Brief of Laura de Force Gordon on the 
subject of allowing women to vote ^at 
school elections. 

Stanza by Madge Morris. 

Map of Ontario. 

Copies of the deed and contract between 
Chaftey Brothersand the Trustees of the 
College. 

Minutes of the M. E. Church Conference. 

Photograph of the Chati'ey Brothers. 

A book containing the autographs of 
about two hundred ef the persons present. 

CARDS. 

Daily and Weekly Tidings, Grass Val- 
ley; W. E. Beeson, Grangers' Business 
Association, San Francisco, by A. T. 
Hatch; Rural Californian, Geo. Rice, edi- 



tor; Geo. E. Jones, Iowa; California Pa- 
trons, San Francisco; San Jose Pioneers,, 
Hixson, Justi iS: Co., Hoiton House, San 
Diego; Alfred J. Howe, Sentinel, Santa 
Cruzf W. J. Cook, "Normal Worker,'" 
Vacaville, Cal.; A. R. Martin, Riverside, 
and Canadian 5-cent jiiece; Bartling &, 
Kimball, .Siin Francisco; AV. H. Barnes,, 
San Fra)icisco Call; W. G. Phelps, Stock- 
ton; Joseph Winterburn, San Francisco; 
J. R. Brooks, Denver, and silver dollar, 
1881; badge of Santa Clara Pioneers, A. P. 
^Nlurgotten ; Joseph Dorretj', Prang's 
Agent, San Francisco; W. H. Jessup, Hay- 
wards; A. F. Hatch, "Fruit Grower;" 
Santa Cruz Lodge, F. & A. M., by T. S. 
Schwartz; Duncan ^NlcPherson, Santa 
Cruz; Los Angeles Business College, C. 
W. LaFetra; N. W. Stowell, contractor for 
pipe in Ontario; A. Powell, Vallejo, Cal.; 
H. S. Spaulding. 

As the box was being placed in the stone, 
Miss Madge Morris, the brilliant corre- 
spondent of the San Jose Mercury, com- 
posed and threw into the stone the follow- 
ing verse: 

• What is thy destiny, O corner stoue, 

That we have gathered here to see laid down? 
Will it be lost in disappointment's moan. 
Or heralded in glory's glittering crown? 
A thousand eyes await thy fate to see. 
Which shall it be? 

The Chaftey College of Agriculture has 
been endowed by the Chaftey Brothers- 
with 320 acres of land in the Ontario Col- 
ony, located on each side of Euclid avenue, 
to be sold for the benefit of the College. 
They also give twenty acres of land for 
the College and campus. The building 
will cost $20,000. 

The edifice will be brick, with concrete 
foundation, and two and a half stories 
high, with a central tower and dormer 
windows. It will be a very fine looking 
building, and a good advertisement of the 
settlement- A fine wood cut of the build- 
ing is published herewith. 

S. P. R. R. Depot. 

The railroad company has recently com- • 
pleted for freight purposes at Ontario a 
platform 38x150 feet, on which is erected a 
storehouse 38x90 feet. As the S. P. R. R. 
Co. never make useless expenditures or 
build in advance of business, the reader 
here has the practical business judgment 
of the ablest and most careful bxisiness 
men on the coast as to the future of On- 
tario. 








|\u^^>;*7;,jr% .VI V: 



■-^>«..i 









/u 



. iff* ;j '^ "'■" ^ -^ ■> 






San Antonio Canyon, Seven Miles from Mouth. 



ONTARIO. 



25 



Chaflfey College of Agricuitxire-— Depd 
of Trust. 

We herewith reprint the deed of trust 
for the C!hafl'ey College of .\grioulLure as 
it WHS finally accepted by all the parties 
in interest, some chances having been 
made in it since printed in a former num- 
ber. This deed, and its acceptance by the 
Trustees and Directors, completes the 
legal transaction. Under the articles of. 
incorporation the Directors of the I'ui- 
versitr are vested with final and absolute 
power to receive and estal)lish colleges as 
parts of the TTniversity. There is no su- 
j)ervising or appellate jiower on the sub- 
ject. The deed is as follows: 

DKKI) OT- TKUST. 

This indenture made this 8th da\- of 
December, 1882, between (reorge r'haiTey, 
-Tr., and W. 15. C'hattey. parties of the first 
part, anil A. M. llongh, J. P. Widney, K. 
V. Speuce, G. J>. Compton, C. K. White 
and K, M. Widney, partie.s of the second 
part, as trustees of tlie express trust here- 
inafter .set out, and the "(^haftey College 
of Agriculture of the University of South- 
ern (California," at West Los Angeles, 
^'alifornia, which College of Agriculture 
-aid second parties agree to cause to be 
*-stablished and put in operation as here- 
iMiafter more fully provided, beneficiary 
ihercin. party of the third pari, wit- 
piesseth : 

That whereas said second j>artit?s aic 
'vejiirous of providing and establishing 
<:vid College of .\griculture and an Kn- 
tlownicnt Fund for the support and main- 
lenance thereof, the tliird party herein, 
the yearly income from which ICndow- 
iricnt I'^ind alone is to be used for such 
support and maintenance, and is to be 
j^>aid to the Regents of .said college by .said 
.second parties as hereiafter set out. Now. 
therefore, said first parties liereby grant 
to sai<l second jnuties Im trust, all of the 
.following described lots, pieces and par- 
rels of land in }<an liernardino county, 
state of California, and being that j)ortioii 
of the town and villa site called "(Ontario." 
being in sections 11>, 20, 20 and 30, township 
••>nc soutii, range seven west, San Uernar- 
nardino Meridian, descr!l)ed as follows, 
do-wit: 

All the od^-numbere<l lots in the busi- 



ness and residence blocks uumbored from 
block 1 to block 59 both inclusive, ex- 
cluding block 53— in all 384 lots. Also 
the ten-acre lots, so called, or villa lots 
numbered 821, 823, 825, 827, 845, 847, 849, 
851, 870, 881, 883, 885, <Mi, 005, 007, THW, 037, 
030, 957, 050, 987, 989, 1007, 1037, and 1039 
— in all twenty-five lots containing about 
250 acres of land. Also farm lots numbers 
707 and 70S, containing twenty acres of 
land, together with the water right for the 
said twenty acres, as shown l>y the maps 
and surveys of said premises; together 
with similar water rights and water stock 
that may now be, or may be hereafter, 
given to any similar lots or lands in 
Ontario, as shown by the contract with 
the S.an Antonio Water t.'ompany, which 
agreement is hereby made a part hereof, 
to which reference is herebv made, re- 
corded in Book , i>. — , of San liernar- 
dino County Kecords. to liave and to hold 
in trust for the following uses and pur- 
l)oses, to-wit: 

Fi)\<t, Said second parlies shall proceed 
to sell and convey any and all of said lots 
or parcels of land at such times and for 
such price and on such terms of payment 
as said second parties may deem best, save 
and except TiOts 707 and 708, containing 
twenty acres of land, which is and shall 
lie reserved a^ the college site or campus 
for said college, on which shall be located 
and maintained the main college build- 
ings of said College of Agriculture, unless 
it become expedient to erect said buildings 
on some adjacent suitable property. The 
said site or campus may be conveyed to 
tlie said Regents to hold iu trust for such 
site or campus. 

Necrmd, Tiie fuiuls received from the 
sales of said lots or lands, less costs of 
sales and expenses and improvemerit«, 
not to i^xceed fifteen per cent, of the price 
received, shall be and forever remain an 
Endowment Fund, the net income from 
which shall be for the use and support of 
said Chaftey College of Agriculture, pro- 
vided that from tlie sales of said property 
a sum not to exceed -^500 may be used for 
expenses of properl}- plticing the property 
on the market, and from the net money 
received $12,000, a little more or lesi?, shall 
be used for the purpose of erectmg a 
suitable college building on said campus, 



26 



ONTARIO. 



and iu furnishing the same. Said build- 
ini? shall be of brick, and commenced and 
completed as soon as sufficient funds are 
on hand to pay for the same. 

Third, Said second parties and their 
successors shall invest said Endowment 
Fund in State, county, city or national 
interest-bearing bonds or securities, such 
as may be safe, or said fund may in whole 
or in part be loaned on first security on 
real estate with good title, but such loans 
shall not exceed forty per cent, of the ac- 
tual cash value of the property on which 
the loan is made. No loan shall be made 
on any property of the beneficiary herein. 
No part of said property herein conveyed 
shall be mortgaged or encnmlsered while 
belonging to or held by said second par- 
ties. No mechanics' lien shall be valid or 
binding against the title or interest of 
said second parties in said land, or the 
interest of said third party therein. 

Fourth — The annual net income from 
said Endowment Fund shall be subject to 
the payment of warrants, in their order, 
drawn thereon by authority of the Re- 
gents of said college, said income to be used 
in establishing and supporting said col- 
lege. The outstanding warrants shall not 
be in excess of the income for the year in 
which they are drawn ; all others shall be 
void. 

Fifth, Said Trustees, second parties 
herein, shall have the power to elect or 
appoint their successors, and to fill any 
and all vacancies occlirring in their num- 
ber. A written appointment, signed by a 
majority of the Trustees holding oftice at 
the date of signing shall constitute a valid 
appointment herein as Trustees. In case 
of entire vacancy in said trusteeship, the 
Southern California Conference of the M. 
E. Church, if in session, may fill the va- 
cancies, or if said vacancy shall not^ then 
be filled, then any court of record may, 
upon petition of any person, fill said va- 
cancy. A majority of said Trustees shall 
be members of the M. E. Church. The 
action of a majority of said Trustees shall 
be sufficient to make valid any contract 
within the scope hereof, said action to be 
in writing, signed by each ^of said major- 
ity. After three years the office of 
one of said Trustees shall become vacant 



annually on the first Monday of June of 
each year, so that one vacancy may be 
filled each year, the order of vacancy to 
occur Jin the order in which the names 
first occur herein. Each Trustee shg,ll hold 
ofiice for six years after appointment as 
aforesaid. Unexpired terms shall be filled 
only for the unexpired part thereof. 

Sixth, For any misappropriation of said 
funds, or conversion thereof, directly or 
indirectly, by permission or gross neglect 
or carelessness, the Trustee or Trustees 
Ijlamable therefor shall be personally 
responsible to repay and make good the 
amount thereof, so that said fund may 
never be diminished, and so that the 
income thereof may be used as herein 
stated. 

Seventh, Said Trustees, second parties 
herein, shall annually appoint five inem- 
bers of a Board of Regents, consisting of 
eleven persons. The other six of said 
Board of Regents shall be annually ap- 
pointed by tlie Board of Directors of the 
University of Southern California afore- 
said from their number. Said Regents 
shall hold oflice for one year and until 
their successors enter upon the discharge 
of their duties. Said Board of Regents 
shall have full power to manage and con- 
trol the educational interests of said col- 
lege, except as otlierwise herein provided. 
The compensation of the President of 
the Faculty shall be not less than 10 
per cent, on the first $1000 net incomej 
and 8 per cent, if $2000 be the net income, 
and C) per cent, if $3000 be the net income ; 
when the net income is J4000 or over no^ 
less than 5 per cent, thereof shall be such 
compensation of said President, on the 
annual income. 

Eighth, Said Regents of said college 
shall have no power to contract or incur 
any debts for or on behalf of said college, 
nor to make or cause any lien or incum- 
brance on any of the jjroperty thereof. 
They shall have the right of inspection 
into the accounts, books and records of 
said Trustees, and into the condition of 
said Endowment Fund and its securities, 
and the income thereof, and on behalf of 
said third party, may maintain any action 
necessary to preserve said fund as herein 
designed against said Trustees, or either 
of them, for any misappropriation or con- 



ONTARIO. 



27 



version of said tund or any part thereof, or 
to prevent any such misappropriation or 
conversion, or to prevent any act that 
would so result. Any one or more of said 
Trustees, or any one or more of the Direc- 
tors of tJie University of Southern Cali- 
fornia aforesaid, may in like manner 
inspect said accounts of said Trustees, or 
maintain any action necessary for the pur- 
pose of preseiving and protecting said 
fund and the income tliereof for the use 
and purposes herein intended. 

Ninth, Said Trustees shall not receive 
as compensation for their services to ex- 
ceed 5 per cent, of tlio annual income re- 
ceived. All expenses 'are to be kept down 
to the lowest reasonable amount. 

'Tenth,' The University of Southern Cali- 
fornia shall by proper resolutions accept 
said college as "The Chafltey College of 
Agriculture of the University of Southern 
California" aforesaid, and shall have sole 
power to confer any and all degrees upon' 
the graduates of said college and all its 
departments. It shall also establish the 
regular college course of study. The 
President of said University shall be de 
facto President of the Faculty of said Col- 
lege. 

Eleventh, The College building herein- 
before referred to shall cost not less than 
-$10,000, and the furnishing not to exceed 
12000; provided, however, that either of 
said amounts may be increased from 
funds not belonging to said Endowment 
Fund. 

[seal] Geo. Chaffey, Jr., 

[seal] W. B. Chaffey, 

By his attorney in fact, 
[seal] Geo. Chaffey, Jr. 

Witness, R. M. Widney.J 

The undersigned, as Trustees, party of 
of the second part in and to the foregoing 
deed of trust, hereby accept the trust and 
enter upon the discharge of the same. 

December 22, 1882. 

A. M. Hough, 
J. P. Widney, 
C. E. White, 
E. F. Spence, 

G. D. COMPTON, 

R. M. Widney. 
The University of Southern California 
hereby accepts the College herein provided 
for as the "Chaffey College of Agricul- 



ture" of the "University of Southern Cali- 
fornia," at West Los Angeles, California, 
on the terms and conditions set out in the 
foregoing deed of trust. 

In Avitness whereof, by resolution duly 
made, it has authorized its President and 
Secretary to sign hereto the corporate 
name and to affix their private seals, the 
corporation having adopted no seal. 

December 22, 1882. 
[seal] The University of Southern Cali- 
fornia. 
[seal] E. F. Spence, President, 

[seal] John B. Green, Secretary.. 

The Board of Regents are Rev. J. B. 
Green, Rev. R. W. C. Farnsworth, Rev. 
Chas. Shelling, E. F. Spence, S. C. Hub- 
bell, Hon. P. M. Green, Mr. L. S. Dyar, 
Mr. Geo. Chaffey, Jr., Mr. W. B. Chaffey, 
Rev. H.Sinsabaugh, D. D., President; Rev. 
S. J. Fleming, Secretary. 



Questions Answered. 



By K. M. Wiilney. 

The residents of this part of the State 
are constantly pressed with various ques- 
tions in form of letters from persons in 
other parts of the world. To answer 
these and many others, we will give iii 
short paragraphs answers to such ques- 
tions, omitting the questions. 

CLIMATE. • 

In temperature, the extreme cold is a 
light white frost with a formation of ice 
about one-fourth to one-half inch thick in 
exposed, low, damp places. This cold is. 
reached only on two or three nights ini 
November or December; and again fox" 
two or three nights each in February and 
April. 

Extreme cases occur in occasional years 
wlien the frost may be classed as a toler- 
ably heavy frost. There are many clioice, 
protected localities where frost never fall. 

The strong and healthy never feel the- 
need of a fire, summer or winter. Those 
in fair health prefer fire in the the winter- 
evenings and on cold days. But in such, 
cases the fire is a very moderate one. 

Those who are sick will require more or 
less fire from December to May. 

In the summer season the heat is such 
that nearly all persons wear light woolen 




m.T 




ONTARIO. 



29 



garments. There is really no ♦mervating 
heat here. 

From April to Novenit^er, <lry, 8oft, 
balmy, clear weather, with a cooling, 
invigorating breeze from the ocean, soft 
as eider down. There are about four or 
five spells e-Mih year, rolled "hot .spells," 
of three days each, wliich, in some cases 
reach six days. .A.t such times the air is 
hot and dry, the thermometer in the 
shade reaching StG degrees each day from 
about 11 .4k. M.to3 I'. M. These are fol- 
lowed by moist, refreshing cuirenis of air. 

)5ArNS. 

Rains, commence to fall here in Novem- 
ber — consisting of one or two days rain. 
Then, usually, clear weather until about 
December tiOlh; tiien rains in .spells of one 
to live days, alternating with cJear days, 
until January lath. Then short rain spells 
of from a few hours to a day until in 
March. Showers of rain on occasional 
days during March and April. 

There are years called dry years, occur- 
ring once in about live j'ears, with two dry 
years in succession, occurring once in ten 
to twenty years. 

In these years the winter raiiifall is 
from seven to ten inches. In good yeans 
the rainfall is about sixteen inches. A 
fall of twelve inches will give good crops. 

Since tJie country has been cultivated 
the rainfall has perceptibly increase^!, and 
there is a fair prospect that the dry ye^irs 
will almost entirely disappear. 



Los Angeles county has a. frontage on 
the Pacific Ocean of nearly a hundred 
miles. On any part of this coast line small 
boats and lighters c^n land passengers or 
freight. The breakers reach a height gen- 
erally of about ii to 3 feet at low tide, and 
4 to 6 feet at high tide. 

No severe coast storms ever appear. In 
the last thirteen years only one or two 
small schooners have been driven on to 
the shore by winds, and no vessel has 
^ ever been sunk by a storm on the Los 
Angeles frontage. This ocean frontage is 
marked by an inland curved hne bearing 
from N. W. to S. E. 



The water in running streauis is soft 
water from the rain and sncw fall on the 



mountains. Some wtvUs reach hard water, 
some reach soft wat«r. 

The cost -of sinking a well, including 
7-inch pipe, is (when not in stones) $1 .5ti 
per foot for the first 100 feet; after that, 50 
c^nts per^foot exti-a is added to each new 
run of 50 feet. 

In the r^os .Angelos \ alley there art^ 
about 300,000 acres of land, of a rich, sjindy 
loam, where the water is from 5 to Iti fee^ 
irom the surface. B3'^ cultivating the soil 
—keeping it free from weeds — the moisture 
will remain all the year within two inches 
of the surface. 

All deciduous fruits do remarkably well 
<>u this class of laud without irrigatimi. 
This land really needs no irrigation for all 
ordinary purposes, .\rtesian water is had 
on this land at a depth of 60 to 100 feel. 

TJie next grade of land is rolling and 
table land, with the surface above the 
water le\ el from 12 to 30 feet. This land 
is a Avarm. rich, sandy soil, free from all 
drawbacks except the occasional frosts. 
On it grow in tropical vigor the orange, 
lemon, lime and other citrus fruits. 

The foothills embrace an area of some 
300,000 acres. On this the surlace is from 
50 to 200 feet above water. With irriga- 
tion from the mountain streams it is the 
highest-priced land in the county. 

Water right for irrigation is worth 
about $20 per acre on the first class of 
lands above described. On the second 
class of lands the water right is worth 
about $.50 per acre; while on the third 
class of lands a water right is worth from 
$;75 to filOO per acre. This is owing to the 
fact that the first class of lands need \eYj 
little irrigation. The second class, by 
reason of frost, is somewhat limited in its 
products; while on the third class of 
lands, with water to irrigate, the yield of 
fruits is superior in quality. 

The cost of rough lumber here is $27 50 
I>er M; rustic, $45 per M; other lumber at 
corresponding rates. Hardware and all 
merchandise rate at San Francisco prices: 
these prices are the same as Eastern prices 
witti freight here added. 

Cost of living is very litUe different 
from prices ruling in the Northern States. 
The family cost for good, healthy food, 
including fruits and vegetables, per 



30 



ONTARIO. 



'grown person, cost of cooking, etc., is 
•about }!i> per week. By addition of luxu- 
ries this cost can be increased to any ex- 
-tent. 

House rent is at the rate of about $4ppr 
room for neat, hard finished, plain dwell- 
ings. More expensive and stylisli houses 
-and grounds rent at higher rates. 

Tlie cost of building neat, plain houses 
is about $200 per room of 9x12 feet, and 
about $250 per room of 12x14. Much 
eheai^er houses can be erected, but they 
are classed as temioorary dwellings, de- 
signed for future use as out-buildings. 

Crood horses cost an average price of $50 
for weights of less than 900 pounds. 
Horses weighing from 900 to 1100 pounds, 
•cost fix)m $75 to $150 or $200. These are 
common laboring animals. Fancy stock 
costs more. 

Good cows cost from $40 to $50; blooded 
dairj^ stock from $75 to $100; sheep cost 
from $2 to $3; hogs at 5 cents per pound. 

All fruits sell at very profitable prices 
for the producer. 

The result of careful, judicious cultiva- 
tion of agricultural or horticultural pro- 
ducts is iirofltable, some products yielding 
a profit of $50 per acre. The small profit 
is from grain crops; tlie large profit ;is 
from fruit crops. 

In fruits one man can j^rotitably culti- 
vate and market twenty acres of land, 
leaving sufficient time to proi>ei-ly care for 
poultry and animals needed to use up ordi- 
nary fallings about the place. 

All deciduous fruits, nuts and berries, 
and all seirii-tropical fruits, do well here. 

Farm help receives from $20 to $30 per 
month and board. Extra competent and 
careful men, wno can do good, reliable 
work without haying to be watched, can 
generally' command from $30 to $40 per 
month. In a few words, all men are paid 
just about what they really earn. 

This country is of such a chai-acter that 
each twenty-acre tract of our lands fit for 
cultivation, b3'- proper cultivation and a 
capital of say $2000 to $3000, invested in 
improvements, will support and educate 
a family — not in extravagance, Init with 
the comforts and necessaries of life. 

Those who possess a capital of from 
f 3000 up will do best here. All others will 
have as good a chance here as elsewhere. 



except thosS "who want public lands t() 
settle on. Vast liumbers of men came 
here with no capital who to-day are worth 
from $4,000 to |50,000; but they were men 
who were not afraid to work hard, early 
and late — who lived within their income 
and saved annually. For such there 1h 
still room. 

In a commercial point of view, Los An- 
geles is probably second to none on this 
coast. All products here command 8an 
Francisco prices in the streets of Los 
Angeles. 

A glance at the lines of transportation 
will show that this will probably lie i>er- 
manent. 

The harbor of Wilmington, on the coast 
of this county, twenty-one miles by rail- 
road from this city, furnishes facilities for 
shii^ping to all parts of the world. 

Five lines of railroad radiate from Los 
Angeles C'it3\ One west, IG miles, to Santa 
Monica harbor; one south, to Wilmington 
harbor; one southeast, 30 miles, to Orange; 
one east, through the vast mineral regions 
of Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado, 
connecting with the Southern railroads of 
the United States. 

These lines in Los Angeles county run 
through the richest and most fertile land 
in the county. They bring produce to 
the city, and from there distribute it over 
the whole United States by railroad. Over 
the ocean sails any of our produce fgr 
which a foreign market makes a demand. 
Yearly cargoes of gram are transported to 
England and Europe. 

All the religious denominations are well 
represented here, and either have or are 
securing suitable places for worship. 

In educational matters there is a thor- 
ough sj'stem of graded public schools, 
culminating in a graded High School in 
this city. Tliese schools are in constant 
and efficient oi>e ration. 

The State appropriated $50,000 with 
which to erect a branch State Normal 
School in this place, which is now c6m- 
pletedand school in operation. 

The University of Southern California 
has recently been started here. It is under 
the general care of the M. E. Conference, 
but it is undenominational and unsectarian 
in its instruction. Its object is to give a 
thorough intellectual, moral and phj'sical 



ONTARIO. 



training to students of both sexes. The 
general doctrines of the Bible are incul- 
cated as the sure and firm foundation of a 
moral cliaracter; but the dogmas and isms 
of denominations ai'e treated as non- 
essential, and as being modes and forms, 
and not as principles. 

Vineyards. 

It may interest some to know something 
of the cost, as also the profits. Assuming 
that the land has been bought, starting 
with one-year-old vines, the total exjien- 
ses for the first j^ear would be per aci'e: 

680 roots 1 year oUl. 2 cents each $13 60 

Plaiitiug aiid care of same 30 00 

Water for same 3 50 

Staking and incidentals 10 00 

Total $57 10 

ijabor and water, second year 25 00 

Returns after two years: 

Third year, ,TO boxes per acre, at $1.G0 $ 80 00 

Fourth" year, 150 boxes 210 00 

Fifth year, 200 boxes 3<;0 00 

Sixth "year, 250 boxes 400 00 

Total $1,040 00 

Thus in less than six years the balance 
sheet in oi'dinary circumstances would 
stand : 

First year's expenses $ 57 10 

Five years, $2i) per acre per year 125 00 

Trays, sweat-boxes, etc 88 00 

Expenses of picking, packing, etc SiiO 00 

Total •• $(i60 10 

Sale of raisins, six years $1,040. 00 

Total expenses, six years 660 10 

Net profit, six years $379 90 

The demand for the raisin is increasing 
in tlie United States and Canada much 
more rapidly than its production. In one 
{(frm or another it is coming into daily use 
of some sixty millions of people. The 
grapes from whicli it can best be made 
grow successfully only within a limited 
area of the State of California. Therefore 
the varieties adapted to the puriiose, the 
methods of cultivation and manufacture, 
are certainly worthy of the closest study 
and investigation by the people of those 
localities. It is only Ijj' these, accompa- 
'nied by intelligent and tboroughly con- 
ducted experiments that the best results 
may be obtained, with the greatest cer- 
tainty and at the least expense. Much 
has been written in regard to this impor- 
tant industry', but much more will be nec- 
essary before it can be said that all the 



principles that govern the planting, culti- 
vation and pruning of the raisin grape 
are thoroughly understood and practiced 
by our people. 

LOCALITIES AXD SOILS BEST ADAPTED TO 
RAISIN VINEYARDS. 

Raisins of the first class can only be 
made from first-class grapes, and in local- 
ities wliere the high temperature and dry 
atmosphere will admit of their curing rap- 
idly without the aid of artificial heat. To 
secure these advantages you must com- 
bine all the essentials of locality-, soil and 
cultivation. It has been frequently said 
that "3^ou can grow the raisin grape upon 
this coast from San Diego to Mt. Shasta," 
carrying the impression that a good raisin 
can be made wherever j'ou can grow the 
grape. Experience is fast showing, and 
to the regret of many planters, that Mus- 
cat grapes for raisins can not be grown 
successfully in all localities with the wine 
grape, and that when grown the croi^ is 
frequently injured by rain and heavy fogs 
at the period of diying. The Muscat of 
Alexandria, from which our raisins are 
made, is a native of Northern Africa. It 
thrives best in a warm, dry climate, and 
in a rich, warm, well-drained soil. It is 
peculiarly sensitive to mildew and blight 
from a damp, cold atmosphere, especially 
'at the period of blooming. When this 
occurs the berries as a rule fail to set; and 
Mdien fr#qnent showers and heavy fogs 
occur during the period of ripening the 
fruit is liable to mildew and decay. It is 
due principally to this excessive humidity 
of the atmosphere that it can not be groAvn 
in the southern portion of the United 
States. It is also true that this grape has 
succeeded fairly along the foothills bor- 
dering the coast, and upon low moist land 
in the interior valleys, but since 1876 we 
have had very dry seasons, especialh' in 
Southern California. Should a cycle of 
wet seasons occur, it will be found that 
mildew and rot will seriously damage if 
not totalh' destroy the crop of fruit in 
these localities. After the grajie is grown 
it is verj' necessaiy, both on the score of 
economy in diying, and for the purpose 
of securing the best flavored raisin, to 
have as dry a climate as possible in which 




fSi 



K 



ONTARIO. 



33 



to cure the grape. A shower or two if fol- 
lowed by drying weather will not injure 
the quality, though it may injure the ap- 
pearance of the raisin; but when the 
showers are followed by close, muggy 
weather there is certainty of the destruc- 
tion of the crop by mold and decay. 
For these reasons the interior valleys of 
Southern California are the best locations, 
and the warm rich clay or gravelly loams, 
well drained, are the best soils. Eastern, 
southern and western exposures are the 
best, though as far south as Riverside a 
northern exposure will answer, but it will 
retard the ripening o^ the grape, which 
for raisin-making is a disadvantage. 

IRRIGATION AND CULTIVATION. 

Where irx-igation is necessary with bear- 
ing vines, a thorough saturation of the 
soil before the buds start, and one when 
the fruit is about half-grown, are consid- 
ered sufficient in the South of Europe and 
in Algiers to mature a good crop of grapes. 
More frequent irrigations than these pro- 
duce a greater luxuriance of vine growth 
and what is known here as a second crop, 
which is secured at the material injury of 
the first, as well as the ultimate and seri- 
oiis injury of the vinej-ard. If we reflect 
upon the tons of vines that are produced 
each year upon the vineyards of River- 
side and carted otf and burned, the greater 
portion of which is unnecessarj^ in per- 
fecting a fair and profitable crop of fruit, 
we cannot fail to realize the immense drain 
upon the resources of the soil and its rapid 
depletion of the elements required for 
healthy, vigorous vines. 

The Spanish raisin-maker Is satisfied 
with a production of two to five pounds 
of grapes per vine, and finds a profit in 
his work. Is it not better to secure here 
a uniform crop of 20 to 25 pounds of first- 
class grapes that will ripen two weeks 
earlier than under our j)resent system, 
that will not exhaust the soil as rapidlj', 
and that will pay as well, if not better. 
One cultivator this season experimented 
with 190 vines, gave but two irrigations as 
described above, and abstained from sum- 
mer pruning with the corn knife, and ob- 
tained more grapes without any second 
crop, but with larger and better clusters 
than under the other system. 



The cultivation consists of one thorough 
plowing during the winter months, or at 
any time before the buds start, and as 
frequent cultivation thereafter as may be 
needed to keep the ground light and mel- 
low and free from weeds. 

It will be found beneficial to continue 
this cultivation until the grapes begin to 
ripen. 

Ontario Picture. 



The adjacent mountain ranges, which 
diversify the face of the country, tower 
above the snow line, and are crowned 
with the pure snow of the north lands. 
The sharp, keen air .and picturesque 
trails, with romantic groves, grottoes, 
streams, and waterfalls, invite the more 
robust to climb into the pine forests that 
clothe the mountain's brow. From this 
loneh' grandeur look, and look over the 
foothills, over the mesas, over the valleys, 
oyer the silver streams, and plains dotted 
Avith cities, villages, farms, and homes, 
on, on to the ocean, and on oyer the sea of 
silvery glass far away to the islands floating 
on the bosom of the quiet sea like mon- 
sters of the deep, and then on and on and 
back again over the green plains, seeking 
out the beauties of the loveliest i^anorama 
that human eye has ever gazed upon. 
Look upon it, study it, drink it in, com- 
pare it ivith everything you have ever 
seen, compare it to nothing you have ever 
seen. Behold it again and again until 
with awe and enthusiasm you exclaim, 
"Surely this is the paradise for man!" 
On the swift Avings of sight travel the 
pictured land and sea o'er and o'er, and 
with tired joy you sigh, "I am satisfied.''- 

Prices of Land. 



Town lots at Ontario are now selling at 
§125 per lot for corner lots, and §100 per 
lot for inside lots. Villa lots inside the 
town plot |250 per acre, and other lands in 
tract at from §150 to $200 per acre. Ad- 
dress Chaffey Brothers, Ontario, Cal., or 
Los Angeles, Cal. 

We believe — no panic or calamity inter- 
posing — that in the next ten years it will 
be A'ery ditflcult to buy any desirable 
lands with water, suitable for orange or 
raisin growing in Southern California, for 
less than §1000 per acre. 



34 



ONTARIO. 



THE ORANGE. 



Citrus Fruit Culture in California. 



By L. BI. Holt, late Secretary of the Southern Cali- 
fornia Horticultural Society, and Editor of the 
Kiverside Puess and Horticulturist. 

The American people, as a rule, before 
entering upon any business enterprise ask 
the question- 
First— Will it pay? 

And after arriving at an affirmative 
answer, tliey ask- 
Second— How can the business be con- 
ducted so as to make it pay best? 

Under the head of citrus fruits are classed 
the orange, lenion and lime. Whatever 
may be said regarding location and culti- 
vation of the orange, will usually apply 
with equal force to the lemon and lime, 
except that as the lemon is tenderer than 
the orange, the latter will not stand so low 
a degree of temperature as the former. 

The orange was introduced into Califor- 
nia by the mission padres manj^ years 
before the occupation of the countiy by 
Americans. They planted only a few 
trees, however, around the missions estab- 
lished by them in the southern portionsof 
the State. 

About forty years ago Wm. Wolfskill 

planted the large orchard of twenty acres 

in Los Angeles city, now extensively 

AnoAVu as the Wolfskill orchard. This 

/ prejperty is now rnanaged by his son, J. 

\ W. Wolfskill, under whose coittrol it has 

•'. the reputation of being one of the best 

. cared lor orchards in the State. 

At a little later date L. J. Kose and the 
ilate B. D. Wilson, of San Gabriel, planted 
orange groves, which have since become 
famous. Prior to the planting of these 
orchards it was known that Los Angeles 
svould successfully grow the orange, but 
a)eyond the limits of that city everything 
was considered to a great extent experi- 
mental. The Rose and Wilson orchards 
soon brought to the front the reputation of 
San (iabriel oranges, and liOs Angeles 
fruit took a secondary position in public 
^estimation. 

In the meantime experimenlal trees and 
orchards wore planted m various parts of 
the Southern counties, which wei-e more 
or less successful, according to the judg- 
ment used by the owners in securing 



favorable locations and giving thbm proper 
cultivation. John Wolfskill planted quite 
an orchard in Solano county', and General 
G. M. Vallejo planted a small orchard in 
the Sonoma Valley, and in this way the 
seed of this industry was carried to Cen- 
tral California. 

About twenty-five years ago Anson Van 
Leuven and others planted orange groves 
at Old San Bernardino, and the superior- 
ity of their fruit marked this locality as a 
favorite one for orange culture. 

It was not until about the year 1870 that 
the orange fever spread in Southern Cali- 
fornia, About this time semi-tropical 
fruit nurseries were established, and 
young orange, lemon and lime trees were 
raised by the thousands. The San Fran- 
cisco market was taking the fruits of the 
few orange groves already in bearing at 
prices whicli attracted public attention. 
From $1000 per acre and upwards was be- 
ing realized for the Wolfskill orange crop, 
and the production of oranges on this 
coast could not begin to supply the lim- 
ited demand. 

Upon the establishment of orange nur- 
series at Los Angeles and elsewhere, a 
more careful study of citrus fruit culture 
was commenced. Budding and grafting 
was resorted to to proiiagaie the better va- 
rieties. Importations of the best varieties 
of oranges and lemons were made from 
foreign countries. The Navel was intro- 
duced to Los Angeles county from Aus- 
tralia, and has since become known as the 
Australian Navel. Another importation 
of the Navel was made to Rivorsidy by L. 
C. Tibbetts from the Agricultural Depart- 
ment at Washington, which has been 
known as the Riverside or Washington 
Navel. These trees were imported fi-oin 
Bahia, Brazil, the home of the Navel, J\y 
the Agricultural Department. 

Importions were also made from Riv- 
ers, of England, and Elhvanger & Barry, 
of Rochester, N. Y., and from Florida. 
Trees were also imj^orted from Italy, China 
and other countries. By means of bud- 
ding the nurserj-men were soon able to 
place thousands of these choice varieties 
on the market at very remunerative 
prices. 

Young orchards began to spring up all 
over the country. Men were led to be- 



ONTARIO. 



35 



Jieve that the "royal road to fortune" lay 
througli an orange grove; that all that 
was necessary was to buy a piece of land, 
almost anj'where, buy from 1000 to 5000 
trees at from ^1 to $5 apiece, plant them, 
take care of them, and at the end of four 
years the income would pay for the entire 
investment, and leave the owner a prop- 
erly worth from $3000 to $5000 per acre. 

To clinch this argument, the would-be 
orchardist was pointed to instances where 
men had successfully traveled this road. 

At that time, 1870, much of this work 
was experimental, and many expensive 
experiments were ti-ied. It was thought 
that there were fortunes in almonds and 
English walnuts, and many invested ac- 
cordingly, only to be disappointed. A 
few locations successfully raised the Eng- 
lish walnuts, and still fewer locations 
made the almond a pajing investment. 

Everybody' went to raising orange trees, 
and the high price of the trees induced 
men to place everything in the shape of a 
tree on tlie market, whether it were good, 
"bad or indifterent, and many of the latter 
class of trees found their way into orch- 
ards. Where thousands of trees were 
planted, but hundreds came into success- 
ful bearing and met the expectations of 
the owners. 

THE ORANCiE BELT. 

There are three things it is necessary to 
consider in locating a piece of land on 
which to plant an orange orchard. 

First — Water. 

Second— The lowest temperature of win- 
ter must not be below 22 degrees above 
zero. 

Third — The summer must have a pre- 
vailing dry atmosi)here, and a tempera- 
ture that has a maximum daily range of 
from 80 to 100 degrees above zero. 

The question of water supply is an im- 
perative one. It is not my intention at 
the present time to discuss the question 
of irrigation; that subject will receive at- 
tention hereafter. Some claim that ti-ees 
should be irrigated eveiy five or six weeks 
during summer; otiiez's claim tliat two or 
three irrigations are sufficient, and still 
others belong to Dr. Cougar's school of 
horticulturists, who believe that in many 
localities no irrigation is necessary. These 



theories will be discussed at the proper 
time; but whichever one is adopted, it is 
an absolute necessity to ^liave water for 
use in case of emergency, in planting 
trees and getting them started, for extraor- 
dinary dry years, and for general use, 

TEMPERATURE. 

It is not sufficient that the average low- 
est temperature of a locality shall be suffi- 
ciently high; the average may be higher 
than the average of the most successful 
orange country in the world, and yet if 
the extreme lowest temperature of winter 
is below 22 degrees above zero it is almost 
fatal; and the less the temperature gets 
below freezing point the less damage there 
will be to young trees. 

On the 30th of December, 1880, the cold 
wave which swept over Florida sent the 
mercury in many places down to 18 de- 
grees above zero. The result was that 
many bearing orange orchards shed not 
only their leaves, but al^ the entire crop 
of fruit. 

It will require much experience and the 
loss of much money and labor to ascer- 
tain the extent of conntry in which the 
orange can be successfully raised; and 
when this fact is once ascertained, and 
the map of California is marked off with 
isothermal lines whicli shall designate the 
boundaries of these localities within which 
the oranges can be grown, it will be found 
that inner lines must be drawn to mark 
the country that will successfully grow 
the lemon, and that the area that will grow 
the lemon will be much more circum- 
scribed than that which will grow the 
orange. 

CLIMATIC LIMITS OF THE ORANGE. 

When a self-registering thermometer on 
a cold morning shows that the mercury 
has been down to 23 degrees above zero, 
the orchardist must expect to find all his 
younger lime trees in orchard killed to the 
ground. An orchard of large bearing 
lime trees will be badly killed, but many 
of tlie larger main branches will still be 
alive ready to put forth a new top when 
warm weather conies again. The bearing 
lemon trees will be but little hurt, although 
the smaller twigs maj' be cut back some, 
and if the tree is in blooni or has its fruit 
buds well developed the fruit crop for the 



ONTARIO. 



coming year will probably be lost, except 
anew crop of buds are put forth, which 
is frequently the case. Half-grown lemon 
trees will be badly killed in proportion to 
size, age, previous condition, etc., while 
the smaller trees will be dead beyond 
resurrection. Bearing orange trees will 
not be hurt, and except the freeze comes 
very late in the spring no damage will 
result to the crop; small orchard trees 
will be hurt but little, and only the very 
smallest trees will be killed, if on orange 
root; orange trees on lime, lemon, and 
China lemon roots are nearly as tender as 
the stock on which they grow. An orange 
tree on lime root will suffer nearly as 
much from the frost as the lime tree of the 
same size would have suffered. The same 
is true of the orange on lemon or China 
lemon. If it is a fact, as some claim, that 
the root does not affect the fruit of the 
bud, this one fact alone should condemn 
the lime, lemort and China lemon roots as 
stocks for budding the orange, except the 
trees are to be planted in a locality enjoy- 
ing an almost entire immunity from 
severe frost. 

The question of lemon on orange root is 
not so definitely settled, so far as injury 
from frost is concerned; but if there be 
any effect at all it would be for the better. 
But the only question in this connection 
is not how much cold will a tree live 
through. Cold weather affects the quality 
of the fruit. It causes a thick rind, a lack 
of juice, and in the lemon a lack of citric 
acid. Many localities will grow both the 
orange and the lemon tree if protected 
during the winter until they become quite 
large,°.and yet the fruit is of an inferior 
quality. 

Very warm weather is absolutely essen- 
tial to the raising of a good orange or 
lemon; the more warm weather a climate 
has the better will be the fruit. Hence a 
climate to produce citrus fruits in perfec- 
tion, must not only not have an extreme 
low temperature below a certain point, 
but it must have a high average tempera- 
ture also. 

The climate of the State of California is 
warmer in the interior than on the coast; 
hence we find Riverside (San Bernardino) 
oranges quoted in the San Francisco 



market from $5 to $10 per thousand higher 
than the Los Angeles oranges. 

A DKY WARM ATMOSPHERE NECESSARY. 

But the third thing necessary to a good 
location must not be lost sight of. The 
common brown scale and the black dust 
or fungus flourish in a cool, moist atmos- 
phere, and can not be found in localities 
where a certain degree of dryness and 
heat prevail. The entire coast line from 
Oregon to Mexico, is visited very regu- 
larly by heavy fogs during the entire 
summer season. The fogs are less dense, 
and less frequent south of Point Concep- 
tion than along the upper coast, and they 
diminish in frequency from that point 
southward. San Diego has less fogs than 
the Los Angeles coast, and the Los Ange- 
les coast has less fogs than Santa Bar- 
bara. These fogs sweep inland from the 
ocean, but usually disappear a few miles 
back from the coast. The further inland 
one goes the less fogs he will find and the 
more warm weather. 

The orange and lemon trees along the 
coast, and back for a few miles, are almost 
uniyei'sally afflicted with both the com- 
mon scale and the black fungus. The 
exceptions to this rule are rare. The fur- 
ther one goes toward the interior the less 
of those pests are to be found and the 
more clean trees. 

At San Diego they have the scale and 
black dust but little, even on the coast, 
and back ten or fifteen miles it entirely 
disappears. 

In Los Angeles county the coast yalley 
is afflicted back to the range of hills, a 
distance of over twenty miles in some 
places. Back of this range of hills lies 
the San Gabriel valley, in which are 
located San Gabriel, Pasadena, Duarte 
and Azusa. This valley has less of the 
common scale than the coast valley, and 
yet many of the older orchards show a 
blackened foliage and fruit caused by 
black dust. The higher portions of this 
valley present trees with a cleaner ap- 
pearance. 

Still farther eastward is another large 
inland valley fifty miles long east and 
west by twentj^-five miles wide north and 
south. In this valley are located Pomona, 
Cucamonga, San Bernardino, Riverside, 



ONTARIO. 



7 



and other to\vn.-5 and settlements. In this 
large valley the atmospliere is so dry and 
warm in summer that the scale will not 
be found on one tree in a hundred, and 
the black fungus is unknown. 

[Ontario is also located in this A'allcy, 
four miles west of Cucamonga.] 

Prof. J. H. Comstock, of the Agricultural 
Department, in 1S80 visited the Pacific 
Coast to study insects injurious and bene- 
ficial to citrus fruits. He spent two or 
three months in Southern California, visit- 
ing various localities in pursuit of knowl- 
edge. While in Riverside he said to the 
writer: " I admire the valloj- and the beau- 
tiful clean orange groves; but I cannot re- 
main here long, as a thorough examina- 
tion of several orchards has convinced 
me that there are no insects hei'e to em- 
ploy' my attention. I have traveled all 
through Florida and many parts of Cali- 
fornia; and this is the only valley I have 
found in the United States where the or- 
ange will grow without tlie scale. The 
trees here are marvelously clean, and the 
people here are to be congratulated." 

This testimony is valuable because of its 
source. Prof. Comstock will find, how- 
ever, that in traveling up and down the 
coast he will find a belt of country back 
from the coast where the scale will not 
grow. Within this belt, other things being- 
equal, the choice oranges and lemons of 
the future will be grown. 

In answering the (xuestion "Will it pay 
to grow the orange?" this question of loca- 
tion is an important one. It is a verj^ seri- 
ous question whether it will pay to plant 
orange orchards seriously atiected with 
the scale. It is true that good cultivation 
will to a certain extent overcome the 
eilects of the black fungus, as has been 
demonstrated by Mr. Woifskill in his cele- 
brated orchard, but as yet no process or 
management will overcome its evil ettects. 
The safest course to be pursued is to seek 
a location that is free from both the scale 
and the fungus before commencing the 
work of planting an orchard. Such a lo- 
cation can easily be found; the examina- 
tion of orchards of any given section will 
easil^^ settle the question for that locality. 

THE MARKET. 

The question being settled that oranges 
can be raised successfully, the next ques- 



tion arises is — Lau the fruit be sold at re- 
munerative prices? 

Thus far San Francisco has been about 
the only market for California oranges. 
The result has been that any little suri>lus 
fruit has had a depressing effect on. the 
price. 

Prices during the past winter — 1880-81 — 
have reached a lower jsoint than usual and 
yet good fruit brings a good price. A. J. 
Twogood, of Riverside, is selling his crop 
of 100,000 oranges at an average of ^30 per 
thousand. Fine, clean oranges grown 
withm the true orange belt will command 
a good price, even though an inferior 
fungus-covered orange is a drug in the 
market at any price. 

As yet the production of citrus fruits 
has not been sufticient m the State of Cali- 
fornia to supply home consumption, and 
millions of oranges have been imported 
from Mexico, Tahiti and Central America. 
The fruit from these localities is very 
much inferior to the choice California or- 
anges. It is usually picked green of ne- 
cessity and has an insipid flavor, in strik- 
ing contrast with the highly flavored fruit 
grown in California. 

Several causes have operated to force 
down the price of oranges in San Fran- 
cisco during the past winter. 

First — There has been an unusually 
large crop the past season, and thousands 
of young orange trees are now bearing for 
the first time. Riverside will market of 
the present crop about 750,000 oranges, as 
against 75,000 last season. Orange, Pasa- 
dena, Duarte and the new orange groves 
of San Gabriel report a similar increase. 
Hence the present crop is much in excess 
of any previous one. 

Secondly— The winter in Central ^and 
Northern California has been unusually 
wet and cold, and hence there has not been 
the usual demand for this fruit; and, 

Thirdly — The unusual floods blocked 
transportation, causing the fruit to accu- 
mulate in San Francisco. 

Xew markets will soon be ^opened up 
for Southern California. The new south- 
ern railroad route, now completed, and 
the prospect for two or three other inde- 
pendent lines being finished to Southern 
California Avithin the next two years, will 
furnish, it is hoped, clieap transportation 



38 



ONTARIO. 



to tlie heart of the Mississippi Valley. 
These routes will enable us to find a mar- 
ket where millions of people will want 
our fruit. 

[The market for oranges to the eastward 
has been successfully opened up, and new 
oranges are being shipped into the Terri- 
tories and Western States by the car-load 
with profit. The orange crop of 1882-83 
paid from $1 50 to $2 per box on the tree 
— 150 to 200 oranges to the box.] 

The California crop ripens from January 
to June, and ought not to be shipped at 
all before the first of March. At this sea- 
son of the year the Florida crop is nearly 
or quite all gone, so that there will be no 
competition between the two States in 
this product. 

The California crop of oranges is also 
placed in the Western market at a season 
of the year when damage from freezing is 
passed, and at a time when there is abso- 
lutely no fresh fruit to compete with it. 

An orange orchard in full bearing will 
yield 100,000 oranges to the acre; $5 per 
thousand will pay all the expenses of 
taking care of the orchard and packing 
and marketing the crop in San Francisco 
or any other market to which the freights 
are no greater. If the price should come 
down from the present figure to |10 per 
thousand — jobbing rates — there will still 
be left $5 per thousand or $500 per acre for 
the producer, which, on a ten-acre tract, 
will satisfy the cupidity of the most ava- 
ricious. Thei'e is scarcely a possibility 
that the price of good clean oranges will 
reach so low a figure as $10 per thousand 
yet for years to come. 

WHAT WILL IT COST TO GET SUCH AN 
ORCHARD ? 

As a guide to those who may desire to 
figure on the probable expense of starting 
an orange orchard, I give below some 
figures which are applicable to Riverside: 
they must be changed somewhat for other 
localities. Land in Riverside settlement 
is comparatively high. One year ago good 
wild land could be obtained for $75 i^er 
acre, and even at $60 per aci'e under the 
canals. To-day there is none for sale at a 
less figure than $150 per acre, and choice 
land in good locations is held at $200 per 
acre, firm. Lower priced lands can be had 



in other localities, and in no place in 
Southern California does it command as 
high a figure as here in Riverside. In 
applying these figures to other localities 
the price of land can be figured'all the 
way from $25 to $200 per acre. Following 
are the figures for a ten-acre tract: 

COST. 

10 acres of land $1,500 

1000 trees, budded or seedling 750 

Planting and caring for same first season at 

$30 per acre 300 

Caring for orchard second year at $25 per acre 250 

Third year, $25 per acre 250 

Fourth year, $25 per acre 250 

Fifth year, $25 per acre 250 

Other exiienses incidentaljto work, say 550 

Total for 5 years $4,100 

Interest on investment 1,200 

Total $5,300 

This is the expense account. There will 

be some receipts. If good budded trees 

are planted the third year will give a 

little fruit; the fourth year still more, and 

at the end of the fifth year there will be 

quite a fine crop. In order to be safe in 

these calculations we will place the yield 

and price at the lowest possible estimate: 

Third year's crop, scattering oranges — a few 
hundred or a thousand — not counted 

Fourth year — an average of 50 oranges to the 

tree— 50,000 oranges at $10 per thousand . .$ 500 

Fifth year— 200 to the tree— 200,000 oranges at 

$10 per thousand 2,000 

All persons planting orange orchards 
do not do as well as this, and some do 
better. Those figures represent what can 
be done with good judgment and thorough 
work. If a man thinks to save bj' getting 
cheap and incompetent work he may suc- 
ceed in reducing the cost a few dollars, and 
the receipts a few hundred dollars, or eveii 
a fev/ thousand dollars. If he buys a poor 
tree because he can get it for twenty cents 
instead of paying the market price for a 
good thrifty tree he will make anotlier 
saving in cost of orchard, and in cost of 
boxes in which to ship the fruit. 

Elevation above the ocean at Ontario at 
difierent points: 

At Depot 960 feet 

On Fourth street 1,053 feet 

On Eighth street 1,178 feet 

On Twelfth street 1,350 feet 

On Sixteenth street 1,525 feet 

On Twentieth street.... 1,680 feet 

On Twenty-fourth street 1,850 feet 

At mouth of canyon 2,125 feet 



\ "^ 



ONTARIO. 



39 



Ten Acres for Home and Profit. 



BY C. F. PKASE, SAN BERNARDINO. 



[The following Essay won the prize 
from the Rural Ccdi/ornian.} 

I am going to give you a little of my 
experience in making a home for the 
benefit of others wishing to settle here. I 
came to this State about two years ago 
from Colorado. My means were limited, 
and I had to make a little money go as 
far as possible. So I rented a farni the 
first season, to learn as much about the 
surroundings as possible. This is a good 
plan; I would advise others to do the 
same. At the expiration of my year of 
renting I found I had means to buy ten 
acres at §100 per acre, and to buy fencing, 
young trees, cuttings for vineyard, one 
liorse and wagon, a few tools, such as 
plow, harrow, cultivator, lioe, rake, axe, 
etc., two good cows, twenty-five chickens, 
and lumber for a small barn, 10x30, with 
two sheds on the sides. That took about 
all my means— and no house. I built the 
barn myself, and concluded to live in it 
until I got able to build a house. The 
lumber for it cost about $100. A hen-house 
I built of lumber, lath and shakes, 10x20 
feet, in two rooms, and a shed for shade 
out of brush. A well was obtained with 
little cost by digging twelve feet. Two 
things I was very careful about selecting — 
good soil and plenty of water for irrigat- 
ing. My family consists of a wife and 
three children, oldest aged nine years. 
They did not like tlie idea of living in a 
barn, but were willing to do it in consid- 
eration of the mild climate. 

I put out mulberry and walnut trees 
along the lines of the road. The berries 
are excellent for chickens and the tops 
make good fuel. I put out three acres in 
raisin grapes, mostly of the Seedless Sul- 
tana; one acre in deciduous trees of all 
kinds adapted to this locality for family 
use; allotted one acre to house and barn, 
which I put out in shade trees, both orna- 
mental and useful; three acres in alfalfa, 
and half an acre in strawberries and black- 
berries. That left me one and a half acres 
to cultivate. One acre I sowed in wheat, 
harvested it and planted it in corn, of 
Avhich I raised two good crops for the 



chickens. The half acre that was left I 
put into vegetables for family and market. 

We have done all the work on the place 
ourselves, with the help of a hired man 
two months. I had to get into debt a little 
for provisions during the first three 
months. We have lived on our iiome one 
year this month, and kept an account of 
nearly all we sold and what we have paid 
out, so I can tell what, or nearly what, it 
has cost us to live. We feel very proud of 
what we have accomplished. We have 
had a great deal more than we have now, 
but were never so contented and happy 
before. 

Our cows and chickens are now paying 
better than the first year, and we wall 
make three to four times as nmch from 
them this year. The cows are feeding on 
green alfalfa. Only think of it, good green 
pasture up to the cows' eyes in December! 
This is the best dairy country I ever saw. 
Green feed the year around, and alfalfa at 
at that— the finest forage plant in the 
world. The old settlers here don't seem 
to appreciate it as much as they should. 
I could not get along without my ever- 
green alfalfa. All kinds of fowls as well 
as stock devour it eagerly and (fatten on it. 
But I am digressing. 

I was going to say why the cows and 
chickens are going to pay better tins com- 
ing year. We raised nearly one hundred 
pullets, and part of them are now laying 
and the rest will soon commence to lay. 
We have been selling twenty dozen of 
eggs per week for some time back. They 
sell at forty cents a dozen. The lowest we 
sold eggs at was twenty-five cents a dozen 
for a month or so last spring. Tne two 
cows are paying better and will continue 
to pay better than hitherto, because when 
I bought them one was farrow. She had 
a calf last October. The other one gave 
but little milk until last May. We now 
get four eight-quart-pailfuls a day, and 
after usmg all the cream and butter wo 
want, sell from twelve to fourteen pounds 
of butter per week at forty cents a pound. 
Our neighbors say, "We ""on't, see how it 
is you get so many eggs this time of the 
year, Avhen we don't get hardly any; and 
your chickens all look so nice and 
healthy." "Yes," we tell them, "the 
fowls look well, and pay Avell, as they 



40 



ONTARIO. 



lay about all the time except when we use 
them for sitting, as their record will 
show." There is no secret about it. Our 
neighbors' fowls would do just as well 
if they would take care of them as well. 
Ours are a mixed breed, Brov/n Leghox-n 
predominating. Our chickens roost in a 
house that protects them from draughts 
and storms. They have plenty of nests 
uiade for them, such as they like, with a 
china nest egg. Their house is cleaned 
every week, and swept as carefully as a 
house floor. The floor Is dirt, made hard 
and smooth, mud being plastered all over 
the bottom, then dried. The hen house is 
whitewashed every time it is cleaned, or 
sprinlded all over (nests also) with lime- 
Avash. I slack about four quarts of lime 
in a pail with boiling Avater, and sprinkle 
it all over, using an old broom. We keej) 
•sour milk by them, and fresh water in 
their troughs. It pays me better to feed 
the sour milk to the chickens than to pigs 
and calves. I feed wheat in the morning, 
and corn, buckwheat or oats at night. 
About once a week they have a cooked 
dinner, composed of anything we have on 
hand, such as potatoes, squash, apples, 
beets, pepper or ginger, a little sulphur, 
cornmeal, scraps from the table, waste 
meat from a butcher shop— all well mixed 
and salted. We never have any sick 
chickens — lost only one during the year. 
Their door is closed every night so that 
nothing can disturb them. Plaster or 
lime and charcoal are put where they can 
help themselves. About sixty per cent, 
of the eggs we set hatched out. We sold 
nine dozen roosters when ^three-fourths 
grown for ^4.75 a dozen; have twelve left 
and one hundred hens, old and young. 
The chickens hatched in February and 
March, commenced laying in six or seven 
nionths, when eggs were bringing a good 
price. I have said a good deal about tliis 
little cliicken business, but it is very prof- 
itable for the capital invested, and I will, 
no doubt, make enough out of it to sup- 
port my family this 3-ear. What I make 
from my two cov/s and little farm will be 
so much towards building our house. 
Aside from what we use from the place, 
it costs lis about one dollar a daj"- to live 
here. 
I sowed my alfalfa with barley, and cut 



about nine tons of barley hay; cut the 
alfalfa three times, getting seven and a 
half tons, which is considered a good 
yield for the first year. I planted the 
three-acre vineyard in potatoes; then, 
after plowing them out the last time, 
about the 10th of June, I planted in 
squashes between the rows in every third 
row, so I got two fair crops from that 
piece. I had ^bout twenty tons of 
squashes. In my one-acre orchard I 
sowed beets between the rows, and raised 
about twenty-five tons. I raised a few 
strawberriesfand had some to sell. One 
acre I sowed in wheat, cut it, and planted 
the same over in corn. I had two fair 
crops for the chickens. They do their 
own threshing 'and shelling. The half 
acre left I planted in vegetables — sweet 
corn, tomatoes, summer squash, melons, 
cucumbers, lettuce, etc. I should have 
mentioned while speaking of stock that I 
have some bees. I purchased three 
swarms; the increase was one swarm. 
We made vinegar from some of the 
honey, had what honey we wanted to use, 
and sold 150 pounds. 

Now, we will figure up and see how 
much more than a living I have made 
this year : — 

EGGS SOLD. 

December 7;dozen $ 2 80 

January 22 " 8 80 

February 18 " « 35 

Marcli ; 20 " 7 00 

April U " -4 20 

May 9 " 2 70 

June 21 " 6 30 

July 39 " 1167 

Aiigust 26 " 7 95 

September .15 " 4 50 

October 75 " 30 00 

November 8i " 33 60 

Total from eggs S125 57 

BUTTEB SOLD. 

D.ecember $11 20 

January 'J 80 

February 11 60 

March 5 63 

April 4 20 

May 5 10 

June 8 20 

July 3 25 

August i 30 

September 4 70 

October 7 80 

November 21 60 

Total frombixtter $96 83 

Potatoes sold .* $207 40 

Beets 30 00 

Green corn " 15 25 

Summer squash 15 GO 

Green cucumbers and lettuce 12 40 

Honey 10 92 

Barley hay 45 00 



MMNi 

III WW 






(D^j 



-.1 






ONTARIO. 



41 



Squash W 00 

Strawberries 13 50 

Tomatoes 36 00 

Melons 12 85 

Pickles 76 32 

Onions , 14 06 

Two calves sold for 20 00 

Nine dozen roosters 42 75 

Add eighty-eight chickens more than I start- 

ertwith a 00 

Total amount of one year's sales $8G6 50 

If I take my living expenses, say §365— 
:i dollar a daj'- for the 5'ear— out of this, it 
leaves §501.50 saved toward building our 
house. 

Now, if a man can do that well at the 
first, what can he do when his oi'chard 
and vineyard are jnelding full crops, say 
$250 i)er aci-e for raisins; say other fruits — 
strawberries, apricots, peaches, etc. — §300 
more, making §1,050 to be added to the 
other products? The money received from 
my place was §866.50; adding the possible 
return from fruits when in full bearing- 
would make §1,910.50, There need not be 
a failure of crops when water for irriga- 
tion is available. 

A Health Resort. 



[The following letter was published a 
few weeks since, but the demand for it has 
been so great that it is republished.-^ED- 

ITOR.] 

Editok Fruit Geow'ee: During my 
present stay in this colonj^ have chanced 
to notice so many remarkable cases of im- 
X)rovement in certain diseases, that it seems 
a duty to others similarly afflicted to 
briefly enumerate a few. My readers 
will bear in mind that within the limits of 
Ontario there is a variation in altitude 
from 960 feet above sea leyel at the rail- 
road station to 2,300 feet in Saa Antonio 
Canj'on. 

Mr. L. S. Dj^ar, a resident of Oregon for 
several years until a chronic lung trouble 
with hepatization made a change of cli- 
mate imperative. After a tlioi'ough search 
in several parts of this State, he finally 
decided on Ontario, and after a year's resi- 
dence here considers Ins lungs fully re- 
stored. He will bring his family here 
and remain permanentlj-. Altitude, JOoO 
feet. 

Prof. »A. G. Smith fought lung and 
throat troubles for years, one lung hepa- 
tized, had repeated and severe hemorr- 



hages, and that peculiar hoarseness and 
aphonia, indicating serious pulmonary dis- 
ease. Says he has worn out four States. 
Came to Ontario three months ago in a 
worse condition than ever before; could 
endui'e no fatigue; could walk but a few 
steps, coughing constantly, etc. Has 
gained nearly twelve pounds, has had no 
more hemorrhages, cough all gone, except 
a little at night; is much stronger, voice 
nearly restored, can walk two miles, and 
is in high hopes of full recoveiy. Alti- 
tude, 1100 feet. 

Mr. M. C. Buffington, of Burlington, 
Iowa, became completely disabled for 
work or business at home by throat and 
lung disease, indigestion and general de- 
bility. These culminated in or accompa- 
nied clironic asthma, for which he could 
get no perceptible relief. After a [short 
stay in Ontario he began to improve, and 
though not yet well he works (or hunts) 
nearly every day; has raised a good crop 
within the year here, and is very much 
better in every respect. Altitude, 1500 
feet. 

Prof. Geo. R. Crowe, of Bloomington, 
Illinois, wdio had sutiered severely from 
chronic catarrhal asthma and sciatic rheu- 
matism for several years, after about a 
fortnight's stay in San Antonio Canyon, 
said his rheumatism was almost entirely 
gone, and his asthma was decidedly better 
in less than an hour. 

Mr. W. M. Stoddard, of New Jersey, but 
for many years a. resident of San Fran- 
cises and other parts of this State, says he 
cannot live any whei-e outside of this same 
canyon. His complaint is asthma of long 
standing and of the severest type. Has 
lived in the canj'on four yeai-s, and is there 
entirely free from the grip of his old 
enemy; but he .says, "Let me go to Los 
Angeles and stay over night and I have it 
bad as ever." He is well ^content to re- 
main in this canyon t^ie rest of his life. 

Col. W. H. Ma.y, another long-time suf- 
ferer from asthma, and who has tried 
several other places in vain, says San An- 
tonio Canyon is the best place he has ever 
found, and has made a permanent loca- 
tion there. 

Mr. J. W. Wliittaker came to Ontario 
from San Francisco thirteen months ago, 
a terrible asthmatic suffierer, with all the 



42 



ONTARIO. 



weakness, distress and debility which 
usually accompanies this disease in its 
worst form. He is now strong, in good 
flesh, working right along, even in the 
rain, and seems entirely cured. 

Mr. J. B. Borthwick, of Pennsylvania, 
came to California for his health. Indi- 
gestion, sleeplessness, neuralgia and rheu- 
matism were his ailments. Tried San 
Francisco and Oroville six months, but 
grew worse; then Los Angeles eighteen 
months with some improvement, but now 
after six months in Ontario experiences 
almost entire recovery. 

I have seen and talked with these par- 
ties and have heard of several others 
whose cases are worthy of report — all go- 
ing to establish the value of this especial 
portion of yoi;r State for climatic purposes. 
It is scarcely necessary to add that in this 
" model settlement" and immediate vicin- 
ity there is not the least indication of ma- 
laria. Hence the occurrence or existence 
of all that large family of diseases having 
this destructive element for their basis, 
and which is so fatally frequent in many 
places, can have no terrors here. Very 
respectfully. Dr. C. R. Sykes. 

Ontario, Cal., Feb. 4, 1884. 



lie and sleep, or dream of sleep, and feel 
the warm rays penetrating through and 
through, until, renewed with strength, 
you rise up from the accumulation of new 
strength and vigor, not as one rises from 
the sun bath of other lands, to shake with 
chills and burn with fever, in whom the 
sun's rays have but vitalized and caused 
to germinate the miasmatic spores that 
flow in ills blood. The air and sunshine 
here are all that poetic glow has ever 
given to them in the Eden of the past or 
the El Dorado of the future. No pen, or 
tongue, or penciled brush can ever portray 
the exquisite radiant depth of azure blue, 
softened into a haze whose very haziness 
adds to its transparency, that fills the val- 
ley from mountain-top to mountain-top. 
Here no rigorous cold consumes the vital 
forces qf the system, and no enervating 
heat prostrates the organs and stops the 
production of vitality. 

Children who would languish and die 
for lack of vital strength in other lands, 
will here grow to health and strength. 
Adults whose systems are annually dete- 
riorating, will here prolong in health and 
comfort the days of their sojourn. 

Will the Fruit Market be Overdone? 



Health at Ontario. 



Situated near the Pacific Ocean shore, 
the air comes wafted across the seas for 
thousands of miles. Dashed by storms 
into the jjure waters of the ocean, lifting 
the mists and spray high above, until every 
impurity is washed out, then warmed and 
dried in the sunshine, the air comes in 
fresh, pure and full of invigorating life. 
No deadly miasma nor germs of contagious 
disease can ever journey in the 'air from 
other lands to this. The sun pours its 
warm rays down through an ether of 
most delicate azure, filling one's soul with 
dreamy dreams of floating away into the 
depths of space, with feelings of most pro- 
found serenity and unconscious conscious- 
ness. 

The sun baths of Ontario are unsur- 
passed by any that art has ever contrived. 
Public balhs for the masses ! Here they 
are for rich or poor, sick or Avell, old or 
young. Lie down on the rich grass and 
wild flowers in the full flood of sunshine. 



A correspondent of the Xos Angeles 
Semi-Tropic Cali/ornian thus discusses 
the question o^ overstocking the fruit 
market. 

It is often asked, " Will the fruit busi- 
liess not be overdone?" You might as 
well ask, "Will there ever be too much 
bread and meat produced?" You would 
say "No," most emphatically. Bread and 
the meats are produced in every country; 
but how is it with the fruits that we pro- 
duce in California? For instance, this is 
the place where the apricot grows to per- 
fection. There are but few places in the 
world where the apricot grows at all, and 
even here in California it grows and does 
well only in certain localities. "And 
where is our market?" Everywhere in 
the ciyilized world. The demand increases 
faster than the supply for canned apri- 
cots. It is a matter of fact that the apricot 
is one of, if not the best, of fruits canned. 
It is sought after not only in onr own 
country, but in Europe. Large quantities 
are sent to England and to all parts of the 



ONTARIO. 



world, and the cry comes for more. And 
for dried or evaporated apricots the de- 
mand is much more than can be produced 
for the next twenty years. The dried ap- 
ricot can be kept or sent to market two 
lour or six months hence, and the freight 
is nominal compared to the freight on 
green fruits. And what is said aboutapri- 
cots can be said about other of our f ruits- 
the French prune and nectarine. The 
nectarine does not do well only m por- 
tionsof California. It is good for canning, 
and especially good for drying. The 
French nrune is particularly good for dry- 
ing, and always commands prices that pay 
the producer a good protit. Then the 
Bartlett pear is wanted to ship east to Chi- 
cago, St. Louis, and further east to New 
York, Philadelphia, Boston, and fioni 
these places to be distributed to almost 
every city and town in the United States. 
Then the demand for canned Bartlett pears 
is enormous, and the canneries want all the 
..ood Bartlett pears they can obtaui; and 
Uie market for dried Bartlett peai^ is good. 
But other pears are wanted for .shippmg 
East at remunerative prices. Then certain 
varieties of peaches are wanted, and the 
canneries take all the good Early and Late 
Crawfords, theLemon Cling,Orange Clmg, 
White Heath Cling, Salway, and a few 
other varieties of peaches. And still, not- 
withstanding that there are such large 
quantities of peaches canned, the demand 
is not supplied. Tlien for dried peaches 
the price is good. Mr. Hixson, of San 
Francisco, was a month in Los Angeles 
and San Bernardino counties trying to get 
three carloads of dried fruit, but all he 
could procure was 8,000 pounds. These 
two counties should have produced twenty 
carloadsof dried fruit. Last, but not least, 
comes the apple. It is one of the fruits 
that is next to bread and meat. It can be 
used in so many ways that it cannot well 
Sf dispensed with. Everybody uses he 
apple in various ways-it is a part of the 
Hv?nV It is like -all fruits, healthful. 

Drfed apples are used by almost every 
on? fndcvlporatedapplescomm^^^^^^^^^^ 
rrioes in every market, and good gieeu 
Monies in San Francisco have been worth 
ffofpe?box, wholesale, all summer and 
fail ^'Why i^s It?" One reason there is 
a n-eat demand. A great many faousand 
bo'xes are exported to New Zealand, Aus- 
Sa, China; Japan and many other foi- 
eign countries. 



THE MUSCAT GRAPE ON SOUTH- 
ERN MESAS. 



Ontario Soil Analyzed— Better for Rai- 
sins than Wine— Choice Fruit Lands 
—Prof. E. W. Hilgard's Official Bul- 
letin No. 17 — Examination of Soil 
from Ontario Colony Collected by 
C. H. Dwinelle at the Head of Euclid 
Avenue. 

Ontario occupies part of the slope at the 
base of the Cucamonga mountain, and 
originally formed part of the ranch of that 
name; it adjoins on the west the well- 
known Cucamonga vineyard. Euclid av- 
enue is the central thoroughfare of the 
colony, rising for six miles from 950 feet 
at the southern end to 2200 feet at the 
northern, where it terminates against the 
foothills. The soil specimen examined is 
taken near the foethill slope, and there- 
fore represents in a measure the debri= 
and "wash" of these hills. It is notec 
that this soil, of which a belt runs alon^ 
the foothills and part of the way down th( 
slope, is sufficiently moist through th. 
season to grow trees and vines with littl 
or no irrigation-a circumstance doubtles 
due, in part at least, to the observe^ 
greater rainfall as compared with th 
lower portions of the tract, but probabl 
also influenced by the seepage from th 

^Unlike the usual mesa soils of tt 

southern region this soil is of a blackis 

gray tint, due, as will be seen, to an uui 

sually high percentage of humus. Tl 

surface soil to the depth of six inches 

quite sandy and full of herbaceous rool 

denoting a vigorous vegetation, and gli 

tens witli mica scales. Lower down 

becomes more compact, and at the sar 

time shows an increasing amount of ro 

fragments, and so it continues until at t 

depth of five feet the latter forms qu 

half or more of its mass, the finer porti 

remaining, however, of nearly the sai 

dark grayish tint as at one foot depi 

The rock fragments, all angular, cons 

mostly of schistose material, largi 

gnessoid. The analysis of the soil, tai 

to twelve inchesdepth,resultedas folio. 

SOIL FROM ONTARIO COLONY. 

53.2perc. 

Fme Earth ••••• .g g 

Stones and Coarse Sand »"-° 



44 



ONTARIO. 



ANALYSIS OJJ' FINE EAEIH. 

Insoluble Matter 43.50 ) „f. ^ . 

Soluable Silica 2S.01( ""•"'* 

Potash 1.58 

Soda .i3 

Lime 2.77 

Magnesia 2.87 

j3r. Oxide of Manganese .06 

Peroxide of Iron 5.58 

Alumina 14.20 

PLosphoric Acid .09 

Sulphuric Acid .04 

Water and Organic Matter 5.53 

99.68 

Ilumus 1.29 

Available Inorganic .42 

Hygroscop Moisture 4.44 

Absorbed at degrees C. . . 12.00 

From its composition this soil would 
naturally be conjectured to be that of a 
cienega. Its potash percentage is extraor- 
dinary, exceeding that of any other Cali- 
fornia soil thus far examined; and with 
its relatively high amount of soda would 
arouse a suspicion of "alkali," if that 
were i)ossible in a location and soil natur- 
ally so well drained. The extraordinaiy 
percentage of "soluble silica" explains 
the seeming anomaly in suggesting the 
innocuous combination in Avliich these 
substances doubtless exist. 

The lime and magnesia percentages are 
very high, as is, for that region, the itei« 
of humus; and that of phosphorio acid, 
while it would not generally be consid- 
ered high, is so in comparison with other 
mesa soils of southern regions. Consider- 
ing, in addition, its depth, this soil should 
be extremely productive — almost too 
much so for the production of high qual- 
ity of wine grapes, but well adapted to 
that of raisins as well as of olives, and 
doubtless, from its location, to that of 
citrus fruits; all of which should in such 
a soil require one or two good winter irri- 
gations to secure both quantity and 
quality. 

Fruit and Raisins. 

No article ever written in California, 
probably' ever expressed a greater truth 
in a better shape and has been so widely 
published as the following from the pen 
of Prof. E. W. Hilgard: 

" I don't think that any country on the 
American continent will ever compete 
with California for grape-growing and 
wine-making. In the raisin and wine 
industry, I do not think you will have 
any American competitors." 



Abundance of Water. 

The following certitieatc, issued pursu- 
ant to the water contract, shows the meas- 
ure of water in the Ontario ditch, flowing 
in the lowest stage of water for the year. 
This would irrigate 6773.5 acres per month. 
By storing this supply during the eight 
months in the year when v,-ater is not used 
for irrigating, it will furnish water suflti- 
cient for nearly 20,000 acres. The On- 
tario lands, "to which this water be- 
longs, include less than 10,000 acres. It is 
also to be remembered that when this 
measurement was inade not over half of 
the Ontario water was turned into the 
ditch: 

Office op Fred Eaton, hydraulic] 

ENGINEER, LOS ANC+ELES, CaL. 

July 19, 1884. j 
This is to certify that on the 15th day of 
July, 1884, at 12 m. I measured the Avater 
flowing in the Ontario ditch at a weir 
placed in the waste gate at end of ditch, and 
found the quantity to be 13.25 cubic feet 
flowing per secon\l. There was a mean 
velocity of 1.12 feet per second in the chan- 
nel approacJiing weir, which Avas disre- 
garded in the computation giving the 
above flow. Taking into account the head 
due to this approaching velocity, the flow 
would ba 13.547 cubic feet per second, or 
677.35 miners inches. Fred Eaton. 

More Improvements. 

Since the tabulated statement of July 
was compiled buildings have been erected 
by the following land-owners : 

A. Piddington, dwelling § 5,000 

T. S. Dowse, dwelling 3,000 

Wm. Hall, dwelling 1,500 

Miss Roberts, store 700 

EdredDrew, store and dwelling 1,200 

Jas. Newman, dwelling 500 

W. J. Waddingliam, grain ware- 
house 1,800 

Thomas Hoimes, barn 350 

W. J. Waddingliam, planing mill... 1,000 

1. W. Wiiittaker, dwelling and barn 1,000 

Total .*. §516,050 

Mr. Joseph Waddingliam and Mr. L. S. 
Dyar haye let contracts for two sub- 
stantial cottage residences, which are to 
be erected immediately. 

The brick for the college building at On- 
tario have been burned and work on the 
building, to cost §20,000, has been com- 
menced. 

For purchase of college lands at Ontario 
address R. M. Widney, Los Angeles, Onl. 



ONTARIO. 



45 



Found at Last. 



There seems ever to have existed iu the 
miuds of niGu the belief that in some place 
on eartli there ^vas a spot which, in its 
rich and fascinating beauty, in its luxuri- 
ant and varied products, in its climate of 
soft, invigorating freshness laden with life 
and health, and in all that makes earth 
desirable, surpasssed all other portions of 
earth's fair surface combined. Our oldest 
history tells u.s that man first awakened 
to life and consciousness in such a place, 
and calls it the Garden of Eden. The tra- 
dition of it has ever run down with the 
race as an inherited tradition, and the 
most fertile imaginations have ever paint- 
ed the surpassing loveliness of a i^aradise 
on earth. Adventurers and explorers 
have pushed out into the dangers of the 
unknown region with anxious expecta- 
tion, looking for the El Dorado, the 
Fountain of Youth — in vain, all In vain. 

The Creator made the first garden of 
Eden. He was the husbandman and 
horticulturist of that favored place of 
which man proved unworthy. When 
man was di'iven from it the divine Gar- 



dener ceased his care, and the streams 
that watered its vegetation ran in neglect- 
ed courses, and for want of irrigation the 
beauties and fruits of the place relapsed 
into uncared-for wildness. Man must 
prepare and make the second garden oj 
Eden by his own labor. Ho will then ap- 
preciate it. All that man can expect to 
find is the soil, climate, and natural facili- 
ties for re-making the garden of the Lord. 
Where is that place? We think it is here, 
Ontario. At least, if the re-making can 
not equal the Avork of that Master- 
workman and Artist, it can hero become 
all that the limited power and knowledge 
of man can produce. 

A Prophecy of 1835. 

The United States might be expected to 
make no great way in civilization till 
they be fully peopled to the Pacific; and 
it might not be unreasonable to expect 
that w^hen that event has occurred the 
greatest civilization of the territory will 
be found in the peninsula of California 
and the narrow strip of country beyond 
the rocky mountains. — The Vestiges of 
Creation. 




All kinds Rough and Dressed LUMBER constantly on hand. Cem^t, 
Plaster, Lime, and Earthenware Chimneys in Stock. 



Mill Work and fine Indoor Work a Specialty. 



C^O TO 



Waddingham's G-rain Warehouse and Feed Mills on Depot Block, On- 
tario, if you wish to store grain or buy feed. 



46 ADVERTISEMENTS. 

smith & moores, 

Livery & Boarding Stable, 

A STREET, ONTARIO, CAL. 



THSITORS to the Celebrated San Antonio Canyon should get 
Conveyances here. The roads from other points to the 
Canyon are not to be compared with the Euclid Avenue drive. 
Parties met at Ontario Depot at all S. P. R. R. trains. 



ORGE lyiclNTYR 



ontractor and Builder. 



Shop on Euclid Avenue, next door to the Boarding House, 

ONTARIO, CAL. 

Plans and Specifications drawn up at short notice. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 47 

3Sr IE TXT 

FURNITURE AND UHDERTAKIHC 

WAREROOMS, 

-i^t - - - - On.ta.rio, - - - Ca.1- 



E. DREW 



HAS ERECTED A NEW AND SUITABLE BUILDING ON EUCLID 



niture, Carpets, Mattings, Wall Paper, etc. — all bought in the best markets — and is 
prepared to sell as low as the lowest. He would invite the inspection of the surround- 
ing public and solicit their patronage, as he is satisfied that he can make it an object 
for them to buy, as he will not be undersold. 

Agent for Pianos, Organs and Sewing Machines. Also prepared to Contract for 
Buildings. Plans and Specifications furnished at shortest notice. 



October 3(i, 188i. 



E. DREl?5r, Proprietor. 



D0N7BUYY0UR HARDWARE TILL YOU VISIT 



Euclid Ay. ONTARIO California, 



DEA.LEBS IN 

BUILDERS' AND GENERAL HARDWARE, 

Rubber and Cotton Plose; Tin, Stamp, Agate and Wooden Ware; Agricul- 
tural Implements of all kinds, including Plows, Harrows, Cultivators, 
Scrapers, etc.; Paints, Oils and Glass. 

GUNS AND AMMUNITION A SPECIALTY. 

Good Stock of Garden and Flower Seeds; Oil, Parlor, Heating and Cook- 
ing Stoves; Carpenter and Blacksmith Tools. 



48 



Euclid Aire., 



ONTARIO 



5 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 

STATIONERY, 

School Books, 

Choice Confectionery, 

Cigars and Tobacco, 

Fancy Articles, 

Ice Cream, 

Soda Water, and 

Fruit in its Season, 





H 



<i 

1^ 
m 

H 



ED. McMANNIS, 



C Street, near Euclid Avenue, 



ONTAKIO, 



General Blacksmithing. 



All Classes of Work Done Promptly. 



Q 
b 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 49 



O'Bryan & Whipple 

ONTARIO, CAK, 



BRICK 



AND CONTRACT FOE LAYING THE SAME. 



Also will do all Plastering and Stucco Work in the most 
durable and satisfactory style. 

D. T. JONEST^ 

DEALEK IN 

DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, 

BOOTS AND SHOES, 

Clothing, Crockery, Hats & Caps, 

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, Etc. 

I intend not to be undersold b^' merchants doing business in neighboring villages 
or in the city of Los Angeles. Come and examine my goods and prices before you 
buy elesewhere. Liberal discounts on large orders. 



Corner Euclid Avenue and A Street, opposite Ontario Hotel, 

ONTARIO, CAL. 



** ^hc §vci^» aii3 ^cvtvcxvttvvxxzytJ*^ 




FOR INFORMATION ABOUT 

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 



SUBSCRIBE FOR THE 



PRESS AND HORTICULTDRIST 



PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT 

Riverside. San Bernardino Co.. Cal, 



By L. M. HOLT. 



^5) 



Its Motto — " The truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth concerning 
Southern California, its soil, climate, re^iotirces, and sanitary attractions for the 
invalid, louri.st, settler, and capitalist.'''' It makes a st^ecialty of the items con- 
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Address L. M. HOLT, Riverside, Cal., inclosing Postal Note. 



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